Caracterización del parto distócico en mujeres embarazadas del Hospital “Homero Castanier Crespo” Azogues 2020

Abstract

Background: There are several causes that prevent labor from developing normally, presenting several complications that increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, where variables related to the mother, the fetus or both are included. Currently, dystocic delivery is the main indication for a cesarean section, having in Latin America the first place in the rate of births by cesarean section and Ecuador is in fifth place.

Objective: Characterization of dystocic delivery in pregnant women at the "Homero Castanier Crespo" Hospital Azogues 2020

Methodological design: a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the 1389 patients treated in the gynecology and obstetrics area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the city of Azogues during the year 2020, with a sample of 452 patients equivalent to 32.55 %.

Results: Of the 1389 patients treated during the year 2020, 452 patients presented dystocic delivery equivalent to 32.55%, a higher percentage in primiparous women 50.44%; 88.94% of the dystocias ended in cesarean section; dynamic dystocias were the most prevalent with 45.80%, with quantitative dystocias being the most predominant with 80.19%.

Conclusions: it was identified that variables such as anthropometric measurements, maternal age, obstetric history, pregnancy diseases, the number of prenatal check-ups, characteristics of the newborn, are involved in the development of dystocia; it is necessary to include them in prevention and management protocols to achieve a decrease in their prevalence.