Las medidas de tendencia central: análisis y propuesta de tareas para procesos de instrucción en la educación básica superior y el bachillerato

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to construct a didactic proposal that, starting from a constructivist approach, motivates students towards learning the measures of central tendency. It is a descriptive-explanatory study, beginning with a review and analysis of the new primary and secondary education curricula, finding general recommendations on teaching statistics, but reduced to the last chapter of the textbook provided by the Ministry of Education. About the activities proposed in this textbook, it was found that they do not promote reasoning, reflection, argumentation, and decision-making by students, in addition to not being contextualized and not reflecting the reality of the country, reducing the topic to a series of repetitive exercises that do not promote meaningful learning or allow the achievement of learning achievements, set out in the current national curriculum. To collect information, a student perception survey was applied as a technique, on the teaching of measures of central tendency and a didactic tool, which helped the authors of this work, to reflect on the elaboration of the nine problems that were applied to students of the Fiscal Educational Unit "La Inmaculada", obtaining very favorable results, since it was evidenced that when the object of the study shows the reality of the students, they get involved and in addition to giving more than one solution to the problem, showed reflection and critical thinking when making decisions. Finally, the results obtained from the resolution of the problems, by the students, managed to demonstrate the importance of the study of the Measures of Central Tendency and the role that the teaching work represents in the design of context problems, which also becomes, in a very important prop to address later, social problems that appear daily in areas such as Economics, Medicine, Dentistry, Education, among others and for which our students must be prepared.