Frecuencia, perfil clínico y epidemiológico de retinopatía del prematuro en pacientes con peso menor a 1900 gramos hospitalizados en el área de Neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Enero a noviembre del 2020

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness. It has a multifactorial origin such as prematurity, low birth weight and the administration of high supplemental oxygen. Objective: To determine frequency, clinical and epidemiological profile of retinopathy of prematurity in hospitalized patients in neonatology area of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, from January to November 2020. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative study was carried out; the study population was all premature patients weighing less than 1900 grams, who were admitted to the neonatology department of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria. The information of interest was collected from the medical records of the participants and from the MEDISYS system, in a form prepared by the author. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS version 15.0 program was used, the qualitative variables are presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: Male sex predominated (59.6%), mainly very preterm (57.4%), weight less than 1500 grams (89.4%); the most frequent comorbidities were anemia (97.9%), blood transfusion (93.6%); the most common admission diagnoses were sepsis (97.9%), hyaline membrane (91.5%). The maximum ROP stage reached was stage 1 in 74.5 % and the location in zone III represented 89.4%. Regarding the treatment, 91.5% required only observation. Conclusion: Retinopathy of prematurity is frequent in infants born before 32 week’s gestational age and low birth weight.