Características clínicas, de laboratorio y tratamiento del síndrome de lisis tumoral, en pacientes pediátricos oncológicos, del Instituto del Cáncer Solca-Cuenca. 2010 – 2020

Abstract

Antecedent: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency, which produces alterations in metabolism, causing clinical manifestations and biochemical disorders that endanger the life of the patient. General objective: Identify the clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics of TLS, in pediatric oncological patients, from the SOLCA, Cuenca Cancer Institute, in the period 2010-2020. Methodology: A descriptive-observational study was carried out, which included 463 medical records of pediatric oncology patients treated at the Pediatric Oncology Service of the SOLCA, Cuenca Cancer Institute, from January 2010 to December 2020. Results: SLT had a frequency of 5,61%, with a predominance of males (57,7%) and with a mean age of 7 ± 1.29 years. The most observed clinical presentation was dehydration with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (57.7%). The most frequent laboratory abnormalities were hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia, with 76,9% and 73,1% respectively. All was the cancer diagnosis with the most cases (61,5%). The mainstays of treatment were hyperhydration and the use of allopurinol, used in 100% and 80.8% respectively. Conclusions: TLS more frequently affected men, with a diagnosis of leukemia, digestive clinical manifestations and laboratory alterations (hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia). The treatment used was effective and was based on what is recommended in the medical literature.