Factores de riesgo prenatales asociados al peso de neonatos de madres adolescentes en el “Hospital Básico de Paute”, 2019- 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: One of the main problems that can occur in the newborn of adolescent mother is low weight, considering that in the first year of life the mortality of these children is 14 times higher than those born with a normal weight. Objective: To determine the prenatal risk factors associated with weight in neonates of adolescent mothers in the "Hospital Básico de Paute" during the period 2019 - 2020. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 164 adolescent mothers, adolescent patients in the obstetrics area of Paute Basic Hospital during 2019 - 2020. The information was obtained from the revision of the records. SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics were used. The relationship between low birth weight and maternal risk factors was analyzed using the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, and for the relationship the square Chi statistician (X2) was used. Results: Women between 17 and 19 years of age predominated (79.3%), ethnic mestizo (99.4%), in free union or single, secondary education level (70.7%) and residing in rural areas (74.4%). There were 11.6% of newborns with low birth weight. The adolescent mothers studied showed a large number of risk factors that could influence the low birth weight in one way or another. Conclusions: Low birth weight may not be related to a given factor, but may have multifactorial origin, where preterm birth is highlighted as the main factor.