Construcción de un ventilador manual invasivo de asistencia mecánica para respiración asistida

Abstract

In mid-December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, China, the first cases of the infectious respiratory virus COVID-19 were reported. COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus belonging to the large CoV family (Coronavirus). The symptoms vary in intensity for each human being, from a mild clinical picture that does not require specific care, to severe symptoms that could lead to a series of serious diseases that require intensive respiratory treatment or in the worst cases, death. This situation forces the medical staff to decide if patients are suitable to access the different life support treatments according to the "severity and intensity of the resources", including the use of mechanical ventilators. However, the creation of new medical devices to alleviate this saturation is possible, which is why the construction of low-cost portable ventilators is presented as an important and feasible solution. This document shows the process followed in order to build an assisted mechanical ventilator model. The model was developed based on the research collected during the pandemic by Italian physicians and MIT. This ventilator allows patients with less severe Covid-19 symptoms to be cared for by less experienced healthcare specialists. All this helps while the rest of the resources are used in patients with severe clinical case. In the implementation, a satisfactory operation of the device was obtained in addition to having reduced costs in its construction. Compression of the manual resuscitation bag was achieved by varying the tidal volume, which is designed to vary in a range between 100 and 800 ml. Likewise, the assisted mode has greater precision for tidal volume values between 400 and 500 ml and a RR of 1.2 Brpm