Revisión sistemática del empleo de vacunas ARNm anti Covid-19 durante el embarazo

Abstract

Background. Worldwide, starting in 2021, the WHO approved two vaccines to generate immunity in vulnerable populations against COVID-19, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna); however, when inoculation began, pregnant women were excluded in order to preserve the health of both the woman and her embryo. Objective. Analyze the application of anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccines during the pregnancy period. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were developed. A search was carried out in which original articles, case reports and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published from 2020 on, were included in Spanish and English. The published medical literature search was based on the use of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Science Direct and MedRxiv. To combine the keywords, the Boolean operator "AND" or "OR" was used. Results: 14 studies were included with a population of 8,994 pregnant women inoculated with the mRNA vaccine, of which 71% received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 29% the Modern one; at the time of immunization, 67% of the women were in their third trimester of pregnancy; the most frequent adverse effects were pain at the injection site in 37.5%, headache in 16.7%, fever, stomach pain and fatigue in 8.3%; As for the fetus, 54% showed no adverse effects. Conclusions: The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the most frequent in pregnant women, no serious adverse effects were observed in the mother or fetus.