Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de la resistencia a la claritromicina, amoxicilina, metronidazol, levofloxacina y azitromicina en pacientes con infección por helicobacter pylori en el Centro de Especialidades: gastroenterología, hepatología y endoscopia en Cuenca-Ecuador en el período diciembre 2020- mayo 2021

Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: H. pylori is a bacterial infection of high prevalence in developing countries, however, the usual treatment presents significant failure rates. It is believed that the main reason for this problem is resistance to antibiotics, which has been increasing considerably in different parts of the world. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and risk factors for resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin in patients with H. pylori infection at the Specialty Center: Gastroenterology, hepatology and endoscopy during the period December 2020-May 2021. METHODS: A prospective descriptive study that included 157 patients studied endoscopically, of whom biopsies were taken and cultured to obtain resistance rates to different antibiotics. General, sociodemographic and public service information was collected. Data were presented in tables, with relative frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The frequency of infection by H. pylori was 31.2% according to the urea test and 12.7% per culture of 48 hours. The lowest percentage of resistance was observed in levofloxacin (0%), followed by azithromycin with 16.7%; clarithromycin 21.1%; amoxicillin 25 26.3%; amoxicillin 31.6% and with a higher percentage of resistance, metronidazole with 63.2%. Resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin 25 was only significantly associated with the age of patients, being higher in those over 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Metronidazole had a high rate of resistance in the studied population, while levofloxacin presented a sensitivity of 100%. Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin was associated with patient longevity