Visión retrospectiva de la hipoacusia por microtia, servicio de audiología, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, enero 2015 enero 2020. Cuenca 2021.

Abstract

Microtia is a congenital anomaly characterised by a morphologically and functionally altered pinna and ear canal. This condition has a number of biopsychosocial repercussions. This malformation is treated by the multidisciplinary team and the use of hearing aids will improve the sense of hearing and therefore the quality of life and relationship with the environment. General Objective. To determine hypoacusis with microtia in users seen in the audiology service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso hospital from January 2015 to January 2020. Material and methods. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out with a descriptive design that collected information on 156 cases of microtia with hypoacusis seen from January 2015 to January 2020. The following were analysed: age, sex, origin, risk factors, audiological evaluation and treatment, and an association was sought between hearing loss and microtia with the study variables. Data were recorded on a collection form, and the results were analysed in SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results. We found 156 cases (2% prevalence) aged < 1 year to 63 years. 60.9% of males, 91.7% were from the Andean region, 74.4% of hearing losses were conductive, with 48.1% of moderate and 40.4% of severe. 85.3% of microtia were grade II and III; 41.7% right side and 32.7% left side. There was an association between microtia II and III and conductive (P = 0.015), moderate and severe (P = 0.000) hearing loss. The majority of cases were found in < 1 year to 7 years (P = 0.016). Only 19.8% received hearing aid treatment. Conclusion. The casuistry of hearing loss with microtia in our population is similar to that reported in the medical literature: it is more frequent in males, mostly conductive and more on the right side. The prevalence of microtia as population data is unknown, however, a prevalence of 2% was found in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital