Determinación de la composición macronutricional, provitamina A y vitamina E del fruto de la palmera Mauritia flexuosa de las comunidades de Ayankas y Metsamkin en Limón Indanza – Morona Santiago, Ecuador

Abstract

The acho palm (Mauritia flexuosa) native to the Amazon region of south American countries, existing in Ecuador - Morona Santiago, Limón Indanza in the Ayankas and Metzamkin communities. Has a fruit called "acho" of great ecological, economic and cultural value. The acho fruit has a variable weight between 40 - 85 g, has 4 morphotypes of the yellow, red, shambo, and blue shambo species. It is used by the Amazonian communities in drinks, sweets, oils, flours and chicha (fermented drink). It recognized for its micronutritional and macronutritional value. This study is descriptive with stratified samples, dividing the geographic area of each community into 5 strata. The Ayankas area of 1,530 ha and Metsamkin with an area of 288 ha. The macronutritional analysis includes the methods, moisture (NTE INEN 1462: 2013), ash (NTE INEN 563), total fat (NTE INEN 563), total protein (AOAC 2001.11) and total carbohydrates (NTE INEN 398). The analyzes were made from 2 composite samples with their duplicate. 350 g of the mesocarp of the fruit were used for each composite sample. The results obtained from the composite samples of each community, Metzamkin and Ayankas, in terms of macronutrients, highlight the total fat content with 12.74 - 14.01%, and proteins with 1.97 - 2%, respectively. For the provitamin A and vitamin E analyzes, 12 individual samples with a minimum weight of 10 g were collected. The analysis was performed by the HPLC method with 6 samples (3 Ayankas samples and 3 Metsamkin samples). High contents of provitamin A and Vitamin E were observed, in the samples analyzed in Ayankas with average values of provitamin A 11,740.55 IU / 100 g, vitamin E 25.83 IU / 100 g, and in Metsamkin with average values of provitamin A 11,712, 46 IU / 100 g, vitamin E 26.4 IU / 100 g.