Factores Asociados a Desnutrición en Adultos Mayores atendidos en el Área de Medicina Interna del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, año 2020

Abstract

Background: malnutrition is a global problem with a high prevalence in the elderly, related to physiological changes, social and economic factors. General objective: to establish the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition in older adults treated by the Internal Medicine Area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, year 2020. Materials and methods: analytical cross-sectional cohort study. Medical records were reviewed with prior authorization from the health bioethics committee and José Carrasco Arteaga hospital, anthropometric measurements were taken of older adults who met inclusion criteria; the size of the sample was 189 participants, systematic sampling made the selection. We used the software PSPP (free software). The variables studied were sociodemographic, anthropometric, laboratory and socioeconomic. Descriptive statistics were applied, for qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were used, and for quantitative: mean and standard deviation, bivariate analysis was performed with Odds Radio, 95% confidence interval, and p value <0.05. Results: the general prevalence of malnutrition in older adult patients was 48.7% with, 33.2% of moderate malnutrition. The following patients were found to have a higher risk of malnutrition: age elder than 70 (OR: 2.57; CI 95%: 1.21-5.46; valor p: 0.01). Absence of caregiver (OR: 3.43; CI 95%:1.83-5.46; valor p: 0.01), with comorbidities (OR: 4.244, IC 95% 1.51-11.9, p 0.00). Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition found was similar to the bibliography, being related to lack of caregiver, comorbidities; age elder than 70 years.