Prevalencia de infecciones oportunistas en personas con VIH/SIDA y factores asociados. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca 2015 - 2020

Abstract

Background: both in the diagnosis and in the course of HIV / AIDS, multiple opportunistic infections are present, which put life at risk and increase health costs to combat this terrible epidemic, so it is necessary to know this problem and the factors who intervene on it.

Objective: to determine the prevalence of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV / AIDS and associated factors. José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital 2015 to 2020.

Methodology: prior approval of the bioethics committee, a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in a sample of 205 HIV / AIDS patients with or without prior antiretroviral therapy (ART), treated in the infectology service of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital from 2015 to 2020. The tabulation of the Information was used using the SPSS 21 test version, the analysis was applied descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, averages), the statistical association with OR and statistical significance with 95% CI and p value.

Results: the age fluctuated between 41.7 ± 12 years, the male gender was higher with 83.4%, the prevalence of OI was 27.3% of which toxoplasmosis was more frequent 30.4%, alcoholism with an OR 5.41 (95% CI 2.59 - 11.27) p ˂ 0.05, smoking with an OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.68 - 3.86) p ˂ 0.05, the CD4 + count ≤200 presented OR 41.33 (95% CI 15.99 - 106.83) p ˂ 0.05 and malnutrition presented OR 20.11 (95% CI 8.62 - 46.88) p ˂ 0.05.

Conclusions: a significant prevalence of opportunistic infections, toxoplasmosis more frequently, alcoholism, smoking, malnutrition and CD4 + count ≤200 presented significant statistical association.