Hipotiroidismo y sus implicaciones en el embarazo. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Gestational hypothyroidism (GH) is the second cause of endocrine pathology in pregnant patients after diabetes, the subclinical form being identified more frequently, however, it can lead to multiple maternal-fetal alterations, therefore the importance in the timely detection and treatment. General objective: to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and its implications in pregnancy Methodology: observational study, systematic review. Nineteen studies were included, including randomized controlled trials, analytical cohort and / or controls and controls, meta-analyzes, with pregnant participants in different trimesters of pregnancy. Quartile one to four articles were selected, obtained from different electronic databases, mainly from Pubmed, published in English and Spanish, in a period no longer than the last 5 years. Results: the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy showed variable figures, however, subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent entity. Thyroid screening was mostly performed during the first trimester, with reference ranges that showed differences in dependence on the geographic areas and the authors consulted. Spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, and fetal death were the most relevant perinatal complications of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Conclusions: although the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy reported in most studies was low, subclinical hypothyroidism showed more representative figures. The most common perinatal complications attributed to gestational hypothyroidism were: spontaneous abortion, premature delivery and stillbirth. Limitations: methodological heterogeneity of studies included in the study.