Evaluación de la autopercepción de la incapacidad vocal en usuarios con disfonía del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga en el periodo marzo 2019 – marzo 2020

Abstract

Abstract: Dysphonia is considered an alteration in the qualities of the voice. The user diagnosed with dysphonia has difficulties for the oral communicative exchange at a social, work and emotional level, adding comorbid factors such as age, sex, vocal habits, type of vocal user and the self-perception of her voice; In the last 5 years, studies have been carried out worldwide, where it has been recorded that users diagnosed with dysphonia have had stress and anxiety factors that are part of a more complex clinical picture; The subjective affectation at the organic-functional level, which causes dysphonia, can be determined using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) Test, which has three sections, vocal functioning, physical, vocal and emotional state in relation to dysphonia, contributing significantly to the approach Therapeutic speech therapy and to determine the impact of the condition perceived by the user and their mood, visualizing it holistically through the results obtained from the test. Treatment aimed at any type of dysphonia; be it organic, functional or organic-functional with hypofunctional and hyperfunctional characterization, it requires an important multidisciplinary team to address different approaches such as the intervention of the ENT and the Speech Therapist. Type of study: Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study. General Objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of users diagnosed with dysphonia who attended the outpatient area of adult speech therapy at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period March 2019 - March 2020. Methodology: The sample was comprised of 70 users diagnosed with dysphonia that attended the outpatient adult speech therapy area of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital between the period March 2019 - March 2020. The personal information and medical diagnosis of each patient was collected by reviewing the medical records and in which the contact telephone numbers, through which the data collection sheet and the VHI-30 evaluation could be completed. The information collected in the data collection sheets was entered into the databases created in Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics version 22, the analysis of the variables was carried out by means of contingency tables. The results were obtained in tables of frequencies and percentages for the dependent and independent variables. Results: it was possible to establish according to the distribution of vocal self-perception according to sex, it was more prevalent in the mild degree in women with 27.1%, in an age comprised over 61 years with 15.7%, belonging to to Level IV of voice professionals such as farmers, merchants, employees, etc. representing 14.3% of the general population. The

most prevalent ENT diagnoses were functional dysphonia with 27.1% within the moderate grade and according to the type of dysphonia it was more prevalent in the mild grade of hypertonic / hyperkinetic type with 41.4%. Vocal habits related to abuse and vocal misuse in the self-perception of these users were more frequent in the habit of clarifying the voice with 10% and 7.1% with the habit of shouting within the mild degree, 38, 6% do not maintain habits of consumption of alcohol and tobacco substances. 51.4% of users suffer from stress factors - anxiety and tension at the muscular level. The vocal self-perception of the users according to the degrees of affectation using the VHI-30 test, the mild degree was prevalent with 41.4%. Conclusions: the prevalence of mild-grade functional dysphonia of the hypertonic / hyperkinetic type was similar to that of other national and international investigations. The risk factors for dysphonia identified were: male sex, ages over 61 years, Level IV of vocal professionals, habits of clarifying the voice and shouting. Stress-anxiety and muscle tension factors are also identified.