Prevalencia de morbilidad y mortalidad del recién nacido pretérmino de muy bajo peso y factores asociados a mortalidad. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Cuenca, Ecuador. 2012 - 2018

Abstract

Background. The group of preterm newborns with very low birth weight constitutes a major health problem in relation to morbidity and high mortality, the care they require after birth involves a great human and economic demand. General Objective. To determine the prevalence of morbidity and mortality in preterm newborns with very low birth weight and factors associated with mortality in the neonatology service of the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, during the period 2012 - 2018. Method. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, the universe of which was 239 patients. For the statistical analysis the statistical program SPSS.15 was used, a descriptive analysis was performed and the Chi-square test was used to determine the association, and to determine the intensity of the association of risk factors with mortality, the OR was used with an interval confidence was 95% and positive significance with p = <0,05. Results. The main morbidities were: Hyaline membrane disease (64%), hyperbilirubinemia (47,3%), neonatal sepsis (39.3%), A mortality of 21,7% is evidenced, the main cause of death was neonatal sepsis (9,2%), the risk factors associated with mortality are: chorioamnionitis (OR: 5,66), extreme gestational age (OR: 3,7), respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 3,9), necrotizing enterocolitis (OR: 2,8). Conclusion. Very low weight premature infants have a high prevalence of morbidity and their mortality is associated with maternal and neonatal factors.