Prevalencia, clasificación y factores asociados a la hiponatremia en pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de clínica del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca 2019

Abstract

Introduction: hyponatremia is the most frequent hydroelectrolyte disorder. It has several etiologies as a cause. As such, it´s important to study it in order to define an adequate treatment. Objectives: determinate the prevalence, classification and associated factors of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients in the clinic service of the José Carrasco Arteaga hospital, Cuenca 2019. Methods and materials: an analytical cross-sectional study was performed with the approval of the bioethics commission in 347 patients. Statistical analysis was calculated with a 95% confidence interval, a prevalence of 10%, an inference error of 3%, and a population of 1426. Data was obtained from the AS400 system and analyzed with PSPP software. Factors associated were studied with the prevalence ratio, confidence intervals and a value of p <0.05. Results: the average age was 62 years. The female sex represented 53.3%. The prevalence of hyponatremia was 25.9%. According to severity, mild forms represented 72.22%, moderate 16.67% and severe 11.11%. In terms of osmolarity, 98.89% were hypotonic. The factors associated with hyponatremia were: decompensated hypothyroidism (PR: 3.39, 95% CI = 2.42 - 4.75, p = 0.000), hepatic cirrhosis (PR: 3.18, 95% CI = 2.25 - 4.48, p = 3.18), renal insufficiency (PR: 2.46, 95% CI = 1.70 - 3.55, p = 0.000), disorders that produce third space: sepsis or pancreatitis (PR: 2.00, 95% CI = 1.29 - 3.09, p = 0.006) and use of diuretics (PR: 1.86, 95% CI = 1.29 - 2.68, p = 0.001). Conclusions: a quarter of hospitalized patients presented hyponatremia, of them the mild form was the most frequent and was associated with decompensated hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, disorders that produce third space and use of diuretics.