Trastornos emocionales en adultos mayores de la parroquia Luis Cordero, Azogues 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The proportion of elderly people is increasing rapidly around the world, according to the World Health Organization between 2015 and 2050 it is expected that the population over 60 years of age will double, going from 12% to 22%, that is to say, 900 million to 2 billion older adults. About 20% of people over 60 years of age suffer from mental disorders. Depression is a more common emotional disorder in this age group, and approximately 3.8% of older adults suffer from anxiety. In recent years, life expectancy continues to increase, so emotional disorders will be on the rise, this can be prevented by making timely diagnoses, as will be done in the following study. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Determine the emotional disorders in older adults of the parish Luis Cordero, Azogues 2020. METHODOLOGY: A study with a quantitative approach was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional design, made up of the total registry of older adults in the parish held by the Autonomous Decentralized Government of Luis Cordero. A direct interview was carried out with the elderly using the Yesavage scale and the Hamilton scale, the results of the scales will be transcribed and processed in the digital base on the SPSS2.1 platform, the Chi square statistic was also used, to measure the strength of association between the variables age, sex, marital status and comorbidities with the level of anxiety and depression with a confidence level of 95% and statistically significant values of p = <0.05. RESULTS: The level of depression was 34.5% (moderate depression 26.7% and severe depression 7.8%), with more frequency in ages 75-84 years and> 85 years, both with 35.4% = 70.9 % (moderate depression 51.6% and severe depression 19.3%), women predominate with 70.9% (moderate depression 58% and severe depression 12.9%). The predominant marital status is married with 67.7% (moderate depression 54.8% and severe depression 12.9%). At the educational level, it is observed that 61.2% correspond to primary school (moderate depression 51.6% and severe depression 9.6%). The comorbidity that commonly presents depressive symptoms is arterial hypertension with 38.7% (moderate depression 29% and severe depression 9.7%) The level of anxiety was 85.6% (lower anxiety 46.7% and higher anxiety 38.9%), with more frequency between the ages of 75-84 years with 37.6% (lower anxiety 22% and higher anxiety 15.6%), women predominate with 62.33% (lower anxiety 31.1% and higher anxiety 31.1%). The predominant marital status is married with 71.4% (lower anxiety 41.6% and higher anxiety 29.8%). At the educational level, it is observed that 58.4% correspond to primary school (lower anxiety 33.7% and higher anxiety 24.6%). The comorbidity that symptoms of anxiety commonly present is arterial hypertension with 32.5% (less anxiety 14.3% and greater anxiety 18.2%). CONCLUSION: It was found that there was a higher level of moderate depression in the studied population compared to other studies; Regarding anxiety, it was found that older adults predominantly suffer from a lower level of anxiety and in both cases it occurs more frequently in women.