Revisión bibliográfica de la ocurrencia y los métodos de remoción de cromo hexavalente en agua de efluentes industriales en los últimos 5 años

Abstract

In this bibliographic review, the analysis of the risks that Chromium produces in the environment and to humans was reviewed, finding that it in its oxidation state Cr (VI) is considered a toxic metal due to its oxidizing properties, penetrating in a fast to cells, thus causing potentially carcinogenic alterations in DNA. In the environment it causes damage to flora and fauna and due to the alterations produced in different ecosystems. Meanwhile, in the regulatory part, Ecuador by the TULAS or TULSMAN is linked to both the EPA and the FDA for the maximum limit allowed in drinking water, which is 0.05 mg / L, adjusting to the standards established by the OMS. Consequently, when investigating its occurrence in surface, drinking and industrial water, a broader vision was obtained of which are the countries that most frequently present contamination by Cr (VI), locating in the first instance the continent with the largest and smallest number of studies, and secondly, which is the country with the highest and lowest concentration based on the species, location and type of water. When comparing the different methods of removal of this metal in real industrial waters, the methods that prevailed were the unconventional ones, which when reviewing their advantages and disadvantages were more feasible because they contribute to energy and cost savings compared to conventional ones.