Prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a ictericia neonatal en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Marzo-agosto 2019.

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is produced when there is an increase on the level of bilirubin in the blood of a newborn. The bilirubin is a yellowish bile pigment, that is produced by the breakdown of red blood cells in the body. The organs in charge of performing this function are the spleen and the liver, which is in charge of breaking down and eliminating this substance from the body. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal jaundice in the Neonatology area of Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, period March-August 2019. METHODOLOGY A quantitative-retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a Universe of 237 neonates, of which 187 represent the research sample that was taken from the medical records of hospitalized patients in the Neonatology area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the period March-August 2019. To determine its prevalence and the different risk factors that are associated with jaundice; this information will be collected from the patient database, which will be tabulated and analyzed for each type of variable in the Microsoft EXCEL program to be represented by statistical graphics in the SPSS v.26.0 program. Results Through the compilation of the medical records of the 237 patients taken for the study, only the 187 NBs presented neonatal jaundice, representing 78.9% and their predominant risk factors at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, during the period March-August 2019 were: male sex, full-term newborn, appropriate weight, eutocic delivery, and maternal age between 25-29 years, immediate attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.