Prevalencia y factores asociados al síndrome: sobrecarga del cuidador formal. Centros gerontológicos del Azuay, 2020

Abstract

Background: older adults are the population with the highest demand for health services, needing a considerable degree of care, generally provided by a formal institutionalized caregiver, being a comprehensive work that predisposes to overload syndrome. Objective: to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the formal caregiver overload syndrome of the elderly in the gerontological centers of Azuay, in the year 2020. Materials and Method: analytical-cross-sectional study in 202 formal caregivers from the gerontological centers of Azuay; whose data were obtained using questionnaires and the Zarit scale, with prior authorization. For the statistical analysis, frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, ODDS RATIO with 95% CI, and Chi square with p value <0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of overload in formal caregivers of gerontological centers in Azuay was 47% with a predominance of light overload (66.3%); associating to married marital status (OR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.09 - 3.4, p = 0.03), work experience ≤ 3 years (OR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.07 - 3.34, p = 0.03), daily workday ≥ 12 hours ( OR: 2.10, 95% CI 1.10 - 4.02 value p = 0.03) and not using institutional protocols for managing job exhaustion (OR: 1.71, 95% CI 0.28 - 10.47, p = 0.00). Conclusion: The prevalence of the overload syndrome in Azuay is similar to the percentage of the world and regional bibliography, in addition, it was found that being married, and certain working conditions in formal caregivers presented a statistically significant association. Key words: Older adult. Formal caregiver. Overload syndrome. Job exhaustion. Zarit scale.