Valoración nutricional mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica a los pacientes que reciben terapia de hemodiálisis en el Centro de Diálisis Baxter en la ciudad de Cuenca, 2019

Abstract

Background: Due to the growth of the population worldwide, the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases is eminent, among these Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is considered as a serious manifestation of kidney pathologies that leads the patient to the need for replacement therapy or kidney transplantation, this problem is located in one of the main global public health problems. While the incidence of CRF has doubled in the last 10 years, there are many patients who do not receive adequate treatment and therefore it impacts on nutritional status, it is estimated that 1/3 of the population with CRF suffers moderate malnutrition and from 6% to 8% severe malnutrition. Objective: To determine the nutritional status through bio-impedance (weight, height, percentage of visceral fat, percentage of lean mass, percentage of total body water) in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis who come to the Baxter Dialysis Center, Cuenca, 2019. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a finite population of 115 male and female patients, over 18 years of age, from the Baxter Dialysis Center, during 2020. The technique used was the nutritional assessment through electrical bio-impedance using variables such as: percentages of fat mass, muscle mass and total body water. The correlation of results was used to determine the association of these variables. Results: The study population was made up of hemodialysis patients over 18 years of age, a total of 56.3% were males and 34.5% females. A normal nutritional state (51.3%) is evident in these patients with adequate levels of muscle mass (58.3%) and total body water (33.9%). Most of these patients have excess fat mass (73%). Conclusions: The fat mass content was above the recommended values in men and women; it can be related to unfavorable clinical outcomes and be a consequence of inadequate health habits of hemodialysis patients. There is a negative correlation between nutritional status and variables: sex and BMI. Keywords: Nutritional Status. Bio-impedance. Hemodialysis. Malnutrition.