Prevalencia y características clínicas de evento cerebrovascular en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso durante el período 2009-2010

Abstract

Background: Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) is the final result of a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions affecting the vascular structures of the nervous system, causing ischemia and impaired neuronal metabolism, causing multiple syndromes, each one with its particular characteristics.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and mortality of CVD in patients of the Internal Medicine Area, HVCM in the city of Cuenca, during the period from January 2009 through December 2010.

Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective study on 210 patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease in the area of Internal Medicine of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. We reviewed the medical records of the selected sample data for demographic and clinical factors to encounter the associated pathology. Data were analyzed in SPSS 19 and presented in frequency tables.

Results: Mean age was at 67.70 years with a SD of 15.43. The higher prevalence in the study population was for females, representing the 52.9% of cases, the ischemic condition was the most prevalent with 55.2% of cases, the most representative risk factor was hypertension, encountered in 54.8% of the population, and the less representative was diabetes mellitus with 11.4%. In terms of clinical features, motor disorders were the most frequent and presented at 87.6%. 34.3% of the population did not show alterations of consciousness, the most common abnormality was somnolence, which occurred in 30% of the population, and the prevalence of hospital mortality in this population was of 12.9%.

Conclusions: CVD of both types increases with age, and is higher in women. Cardiac arrhythmia was the only risk factor studied that had an association, headache and language disorders were clinical characteristics that differed significantly according to type of CVD, mortality was higher in ischemic CVD, mortality increases with age and is associated with it, no association between sex and mortality.