Melasma y calidad de vida en pacientes embarazadas. Servicio de ginecología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca. 2019

Abstract

Background: Melasma is a chronic acquired hypermelanosis in the skin that has proven to be extremely common in pregnant women. Its presence has also been related to risk factors such as skin phototype, place of residence, the use of sunscreen, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, among others. Objective: To determine the frequency, characteristics and impact on the quality of life of melasma in pregnant patients, who attended to the gynecology service of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Materials and methods: The study is analytical, cross-sectional and prospective, during the period January-June 2019. The sample was randomized, corresponding to 262 pregnant women who attended to the gynecology service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital (HVCM). Sociodemographic data were collected, skin phototypes were identified with Fitzpatrick Test and MelasQol test was applied to identify the impact of melasma in quality of life, both validated instruments. Results: The prevalence of melasma is 46.6%; 62.6% of the patients in the sample have Fitzpatrick type III phototypes; 77.9% have it in the malar region and 83.6% have affected their quality of life. Conclusions: Melasma continues to represent a dermatological pathology with high prevalence in pregnant women