Evaluación de las deficiencias de macro y micro elementos en chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) variedad INIAP - Fabulosa, en hidroponía bajo invernadero

Abstract

In the present research project the deficiencies of macro and micro elements in cherimoya plants under greenhouse, using the methodology of Sarruge (1974) for the missing element; injectors were used with the one-year-old INIAP-Fabulous 2015 clone, which were transplanted, pruned and subsequently irrigated with the complete solution, thus ensuring the correct initial development. Twelve different treatments were applied (Complete, -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Fe, -Mn, -Zn, and a water-based control) with three repetitions each one. Variables such as: leaf size (equatorial and polar), leaf color, internode distance, stem diameter, plant height, chlorophyll level (SPAD), temperature (maximum and minimum) and a visual analysis of the deficiencies, which allowed to know the symptomatology of each plant when there is a lack of the element corresponding to each treatment, specifically, a monthly sample of the substrate of each plant was performed to know, by chemical analysis, the pH value and electrical conductivity in the mentioned substrate, which, in this case is pomina. Subsequently, 90 days after the application of the solution corresponding to each treatment, foliar analyzes were perfomed for the determination of nutrient extraction, using the semi-micro-kjeldahl method for nitrogen and wet digestion for the remaining elements, in addition to the measurement of leaf area and the determination of biomass of the aerial and radical part of the plant. The treatments with omission of Zn, Ca, N, B and Mg are those that have major problems in the development of the plant; in the variables that were best accentuated the nutritional deficiencies was in chlorophyll and roots