Incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en pacientes mayores a 50 años que padecen hipertensión arterial en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca, diagnosticada mediante tomografía computarizada en el período Enero-Junio 2019

Abstract

Background: Stroke (CVA) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) places stroke between 10 and 12% of mortality and as the second leading cause of death in patients over 60 years of age, regardless of sex and the leading cause of invalidity (1).It is considered a disease that affects blood vessels, which can rupture or block, preventing the supply of necessary blood to the brain, resulting in nerve cells dying within minutes(2)

Objective: To determine the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients older than 50 years of age who have high blood pressure at The José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital Cuenca, diagnosed by Computed Tomography during the period January – June 2019.

Methodology: It was a descriptive study level - prospective. The results are gained by reviewing the medical records of patients through convenience sampling, recording data on a data collection form according to the variables proposed. A descriptive prospective study was conducted. The results were acquired by reviewing patients' medical histories through convenience sampling, recording the data on a data collection form according to the variables raised.

Results: Of the 2,570 patient medical records performed with simple skull CT scans, in the period from January to June 2019, there was an incidence of just 166 cases (6.46%) ischemic CVA. It occurred most often in adults over 64 years of age, accounting for 72% and male patients in 52%. With regard to the origin of patients, 66% of them come from the urban area. HBP values at 32% have corresponded to Stage 2 Hypertension. The 45% of the patients who made up the sample say they have a family history of HBP, of which 70% respond that they are in treatment and in 60% of them the affected vascular territory was the middle cerebral artery, being found that the sign the most common radiological density was presented by 75% as hypodense density

Conclusions: Patients with ischemic CVA for hypertension represent a minimum percentage, of which there is a marked frequency in men over 64 years, with Hypertension Stage 2 and a family history, these show in computed tomography (CT) presence median cerebral artery injury with hypodense injury.