Características clínico epidemiológicas de la miopía en pacientes de la fundación DONUM. Cuenca - Ecuador 2018

Abstract

Objective. - Describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of myopia in patients who attend to external ophthalmology consult of the DONUM Foundation. Methodology. - Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. The sample included 316 clinical histories (HCl) of myopic patients treated at the Donum Foundation. The HCl of patients with accommodative myopia, who are currently pregnant and postpartum women, were excluded in this study. Analysis and processing of the data collected was done using Excel and SPSS. The results are shown in frequency tables and percentages. Results: 1.75% of patients treated at the Donum Foundation have myopia. 32.22% of the patients belong to the age group <18 years, 56.32% female, 81.01% mixed ethnicity, 66.13% single, 70.25% reside in Cuenca , 37.6% are high school graduates and 50.63% are former students. In addition, 9.81% consume alcohol and 89.24% have a family history of myopia. Furthermore, 13.92% have amblyopia and 50.63% have decreased visual acuity as the most relevant symptom. Finally 74.36% have a mild degree of myopia, 87.34% wear frames. Conclusions: The frequency of myopia is 1.75%, patients for the most part, were under the age of 18, female, single, students, consume alcohol and having a family history of myopia. There is great association with amblyopia. The mild degree of myopia is currently the most prevalent, frame lenses are the most commonly used type of treatment and the minority are candidates to refractive surgery.