Factores de riesgo para deterioro cognitivo en el adulto mayor, Bullcay Gualaceo 2019

Abstract

Introduction: the elderly population will increase exponentially in the coming years and with it the different diseases of this age, such as cognitive impairment, one of the main causes of disability in the elderly. Objective: to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cognitive impairment in older adults in the Bullcay community, Gualaceo 2019. Materials and methods: this descriptive observational study was carried out in the Bullcay community located in Gualaceo, with a universe of 165 older adults with a sample of 112 people from which 6 were excluded, to whom it was applied by direct interview the Minimental exam questionnaire (MMSE) with prior informed consent, the data were tabulated and processed in the SPSS version 25 program, using descriptive and analytical statistics, presenting the results in frequency tables. Results: the prevalence of cognitive impairment is 26.4%. The sample was characterized by frequently having an age between 65 and 74 years with 42.4%, the female gender being the most frequent with 60.4%, with married marital status 59.4%, with primary education in the 71.7% of cases. The risk factors for the development of cognitive impairment in older adults were: age greater than or equal to 75 years (p: 0.002 RR 4.8), no instruction (p: 0.001 RR 6), less than 8 hours of sleep (p : 0.017 RR 5.4), do not perform daily activities (p: 0.008 RR 4.8), and the presence of depression (p: 0.013 RR 3.6). Conclusion: the prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults is low in relation to regional data, whose risk factors are depression, less than 8 hours of sleep, age, no daily activity and instruction