Prevalencia de trastornos musculo-esqueléticos por levantamiento de cargas. Caso: distribución de cilindros de gas licuado de petróleo en la CEM Austrogas

Abstract

Ergonomics in recent years has increased its impact in the business world, ergonomics-quality-productivity are interdependent variables that together constitute a strength. Musculoskeletal disorders, on the other hand, are some of the health problems at work and cause of absence in the same, with economic repercussions for the worker, the company and the State. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders due to the lifting of loads in the distribution of LPG in cylinders of 15Kg. The applied method was a descriptive, observational, analytical cross-sectional design. The simple calculated was of 47 distributors linked to the Austrogas Mixed Economy Company and the methodology included the identification of the process, the initial risk assessment, the application of a Bio data questionnaire, the Standardized Nordic questionnaire of musculoskeletal symptoms, and the evaluation ergonomics by applying the NIOSH equation (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) for manual lifting of loads. The data were analyzed in the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 Software and to determine the relationship between the variables, two statistical tests were used: T test of a sample and Chi square, with an IC 95% confidence level. Finally, the results obtained indicate that 96% of the study simple presents discomforts of musculoskeletal type, being attributed in 72% to the weight of the cylinders and 62% to the forced postures. The most affected parts of the body are: in 49% the dorsal or lumbar area, in 34% the shoulders and in 30% the elbows or forearms. What allows to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders due to the lifting of loads.