Depresión y sus determinantes sociales en adolescentes del bachillerato de los colegios de la parroquia Cañar. Ecuador 2017- 2018

Abstract

Background: Depression in adolescents can vary across regions and cultures; particularly in Cañar this can be associated with family breakdown, family dysfunction, migration and substance abuse. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression in adolescents of the baccalaureate of the schools of the Cañar Parish in the period 2017 - 2018, and the relation with the social determinants. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional observational study was designed. The sample was randomized, 432 adolescents participated and the data collection was done with a previously validated survey (Cronbach: 0.88). The analysis was performed by the prevalence ratio, statistical significance with 95% CI and Chi square with the p value. The data was analyzed in SPSS V. 15 Results: The average age was 16.37 years (SD = 1.21 years). 53% were women and 47% men. Mestizo self-identification was the majority (78.5%). The prevalence of depression was 40.3%, with a predominance in females (60.34%). The risk factors found were: family dysfunction (OR: 5.94 95% CI = 3.445 - 10.242 p: 0.00), alcohol consumption (OR: 2.19 IC 95% = 1.45 - 3.31 p: 0 , 00), family breakdown (OR: 1.68 IC 95% = 1.14 - 2.47 p: 0.01), and female sex (OR: 1.64 IC 95% = 1.11- 2.42 p: 0.008). Conclusion: family dysfunction, family breakdown, alcohol consumption and female sex were significantly associated with depression