Influencia de las características individuales y condiciones laborales en la gravedad de lesiones por accidente de trabajo en afiliados al Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) en la provincia de Cañar, en el año 2014 y 2015

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of injuries recorded by work accident, reported to the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) in the Province of Cañar, according to: individual characteristics of the worker, working and accident conditions; and analyze the severity of the injuries according to these characteristics. Method: It is a descriptive study where data from the "Work Accident Notices" records of the Occupational Hazards Unit of the IESS of Cañar, from 2014 and 2015 were used. A univariate and bivariate analysis was carried out to estimate the frequencies of the worker's individual characteristics, working and accident conditions (independent variables); and the association of these with the actual degree of the lesions (dependent variable). Results: 854 men and 35 women are studied. The average age in years was 38.59 in men and 39.26 in women. The accidents with greater frequency appear in the sector of Agriculture 65.5%, in workers with basic education 39.8%, in the habitual center of work 90.2%, and by injury - other wounds 28.9%. Serious and fatal injuries occurred more frequently in the age group: less than 25 years with 8.6%; with non education, 28.6%; when it was not his usual job 10.3%; in the branch of activity, industry 20%; and, with type of injury, commotions and internal injuries, 9.5%. Conclusions: Serious or fatal injuries are significantly associated (p <0.05) with age, as an individual characteristic. There is also significance in the relationship with working conditions in Industry workers; with no schooling; with labor time less than 2 years; when they did not perform their usual work; and, with type of injury, concussions and internal injuries. Conclusiones: Las lesiones graves o mortales se encuentran asociadas significativamente (p < 0.05) con la edad, como característica individual. Existe también significancia en relación a las condiciones laborales en trabajadores de la Industria; sin escolaridad; con un tiempo de labor menor a 2 años; cuando no desempeñaban su trabajo habitual; y con tipo de lesión, conmociones y lesiones internas.