Análisis de los determinantes de la competividad del sector textil del Ecuador: una comparación con Colombia y Perú durante el periodo 2006-2016

Abstract

In recent years within the manufacturing industry, the textile industry has been one of the sectors most vulnerable to internal and external changes. According to the above, this study aims to establish what are the determinants of the competitiveness of the textile sector of Ecuador and make a comparison with Colombia and Peru, through the panel data methodology using as a proxy variable of competitiveness to labor productivity for the period 2006-2015, using the information on industrial statistics submitted by UNIDO, On the other hand, the Index of Comparative Advantage Revealed for the different products of the textile industry is calculated according to the Customs Tariff Classification through ALADI's Foreign Trade statistics of goods, an analysis of the export performance of these products for the period 2006-2016 is finally made. The main results show a positive and significant relationship between labor productivity with: gross fixed capital formation, wages and salaries, direct foreign investment in the sector and a negative and significant relationship with average size; where Colombia has higher labor productivity in the textile industry compared to Ecuador and Peru. Also, the Ecuadorian textile industry has a comparative disadvantage revealed in world trade compared to Colombia and Peru during the entire study period, however, there are certain Ecuadorian textile products that have a better position in the international market.