Prevalencia y percepciones de las limitaciones de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y factores asociados en adultos mayores residentes en los centros geriátricos de la zona 6 del Ecuador. 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The limitations of basic activities of daily living (Basic ADLs), and their effects on health in the elderly, are a public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence and perceptions of limitations in basic activities of daily living and associated factors in older adults living in the geriatric centers of zone 6 of Ecuador 2016. Materials and Methods: A quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional and phenomenological study in 158 older adults. Katz test, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Folstein Minimental State Examination, Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, and Comorbidity Index Charlson were used. Quantitative variables were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics. In the qualitative phase, two interviews and three discussion groups were carried out. The results were analyzed using the software SPSS version 15 and Atlas-ti. Results: The prevalence of functional limitation in the studied population was 54%, being higher in women. The risk factors associated were: depression (RP 1,691, CI (1,805-7,857) and osteoarthritis (RP 1,805, CI (1,760-6,630), with a p <0.0001.) Self-evaluation (RP 0.840, CI 0.125-0.473), Physical activity (RP 0.562; IC 1. 0.085-0.471), were protective factors with a p <0.0001. The perceptions in the elderly were related to the losses of the physical conditions, loved ones and socio-economic position. Conclusions: The prevalence of functional limitation in the elderly is high. The associated risk factors were depression and osteoarthritis. Older adults value their life experience, try to compensate for their suffering, and express gratitude to their caregivers