Características de la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal en recién nacidos del Hospital General de Macas. Período 2013 - 2015

Abstract

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent pathology in our setting, which might put a risk the life of newborn babies or cause long-term sequels, which is why it is considered a public health issue that must be studied in our region. General objective: To characterize neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in newborn babies at the Hospital General de Macas. 2013 to 2015. Methodology: For data gathering, all the Clinical Charts with Hyperbilirubinemia diagnosis at the Hospital General de Macas were selected (N=104). This was performed with a data gathering instrument. The qualitative variables were presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 51.5%. 56.7% of the mothers were having their firstborn. The rural precedence was 82.7% and urban 17.3%. In regards to sex, the prevailing group was males with 64.4%. Term infants were 86.5% and preterm infants were 13.5%. The most frequent neonatal diagnosis was multifactor hyperbilirubinemia with 62.4%, followed by immunization with 28.8%. Mortality of patients that entered the service due to this pathology was not registered, nor as primary nor as secondary diagnosis. The mean value of total bilirubin was 16.59 ± 4.29 mg/dL, with preponderance of indirect bilirubin. 71.2% was diagnosed after 72 hours of birth. Conclusions: A low frequency of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was found, mainly due to multifactorial causes, with an absence of mortality probability at the Hospital General de Macas. Therefore, its efficient, protocolar and early management must continue at this health institution in order to continue the safeguarding of the health and wellbeing of the newborns that suffer this condition.