Efecto de la hora de laboreo sobre la emergencia de semillas de arvenses (malezas) hasta la fase fenológica de encañado en el cultivo de trigo (triticum vulgare), Imantag, Cotacachi, Imbabura

Abstract

Weed control is an action required in order to achieve agricultural productivity, depending on it at great manner, a higher or lower production. Wheat is maybe the most important cereal consumed in Ecuador, even though it´s production has decreased in the late past years, showing average productions of only 2 tons/ha (ESPAC 2015). This study aims to provide a sustainable alternative for the control of weeds in wheat cultivation. The study focuses on evaluating the effect of the time of tillage on the emergence of the seeds of weeds, from planting to the phenological stage of wheat plowing, for this study we used the INIAP-Vivar 2010 wheat variety. This area was delimited of 393.75 m2, and a Design of Complete Blocks Random (DBCA) was applied. T (herbicide), T1 (tillage 4h-6h / am), T2 (tillage 10h-12h / pm), T3 (tillage from 16h-18h / pm), T4 (tillage 21h-23h / Pm), the ADEVA statistical analysis indicated that there are significant differences between the treatments of arable and wheat cover at 45 days (Phenological Phase), using Tukey's significance test (a = 0.05), suggests the existence Of two groups (a and b). The treatments T1 (4 am-6am) (M = 56.25, DE = 9.88), T2 (10 am-12pm) (M = 50, DE = 15.30), T3 (16h-18h) (M = 46.25, DE = 12.96), T4 (21h-23h) (M = 36.25, DE = 13.54) belong to the group a. The control treatment Ta (herbicide) (M = 5, DE = 4.75) belongs to group b. It is necessary to continue investigating on the control of weeds, to evaluate that happens with the passage of the years in the dynamics of the population of arvenses because as said Ascard (1994) the response to the treatment will depend on the species of arvense present in the seed bank.