Perfil epidemiológico-clínico de los pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2011-2015

Abstract

Introduction: Of the deaths in children under 5 years, the highest percentage occurs in newborns. The study of neonatal morbidity and mortality is needed to improve health conditions in our country and reduce hospital costs. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients admitted to the neonatology service of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. Cuenca 2011-2015. Material and Methods: A quantitative, analytuical, observational and cross-sectional study was performed on all patients admitted to the neonatology service of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 (n=2.693). Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the association between qualitative variables and a logistic regression model was constructed to determine the risk factors for neonatal mortality. Results: The frequency of neonatal mortality was 7,6%. The most common diseases were respiratory distress syndrome and hyperbilirubinemia, IUGR, hypoglycemia and anemia. The following variables were associated with neonatal mortality: low weight and height at birth, premature birth, days of hospitalization, low Apgar scores, administration phototherapy, using oxygen and pathologies such as respiratory distress syndrome, anemia, sepsis, hyperglycemia, congenital abnormalities, pulmonary hemorrhage, cardiac malformations and convulsive syndrome, having more mortality with statistic significant differences (p<0,05). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of risk factors associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality, therefore, should be strengthened early diagnosis of these conditions, as well as establish preventive and therapeutic interventions that encourage this reduction in rates