Relaciones entre composición botánica, disponibilidad y la producción de leche en vacas a pastoreo en los sistemas de producción en el cantón Cuenca

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the species present in the pasture and the availability of dry matter in the response of dairy cows in grazing. The research was conducted in Cuenca, Azuay, we studied 793 UPAs distributed in two floors heights (Montano and Montano High), where it was determined and assessed the botanical composition (%), dry matter production (kg/ha), height of the pasture (cm), milk production (cow/day and ha/day). Carried out the botanical composition by the method of dry weight range of 't Mannetje and Haydock (1963), we find the presence of grasses (Poaceae), legumes (Fabaceae) and dominant species the kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) and white clover (Trifolium repens), analyzed the percentage of the forage mixture, were divided into groups for grassland percentage mentioned. For the statistical analysis we used the Tukey test, and on the floor Montano found significance (P<0.05) in the production of milk (ha/day) between the groups of grasses conformed by 23-60% with 33,5±6,6kg of milk against 61-80% and 81-100% with 18,24,1kg and 21,54,9kg of milk/ha respectively, legumes respond (P<0.05) to 31-59% with 37,89,8kg of milk/ha, for the floor Montano High increase (P<0.05) the production of milk (cow/day) groups of grasses by 61-80% and 81-100% with a production of milk 8,70,2kg and 8,10,3kg about 23-60% with 6,20,5kg and the kikuyu responds (P<0.05) at the level of 0-30% a performance of 3239,3118,8kg dry matter/ha, 9,70,3kg of milk cow/day and in the group 54-77% with 39.54,3kg of milk ha/day. On the floor Montano, the grasses and legumes have a positive effect on milk production ha/day, in the association grasses+legumes increases the production of milk cow/day in both floors heights