Influencia de la edad fenotipo sexo y peso al sacrificio sobre los indicadores de calidad de los porcinos faenados en el camal de Azogues

Abstract

The pork industry has improved the production parameters in orden to increase the profitability and to be more productive. The pork industry has improved the production parameters in order to increase profitability and be more competitive. The objective of this investigation was determined the influence of age, phenotype, sex and weight at slaughter on quality indicators: Carcass Yield, Lean Percentage, Temperature and pH in 457 slaughtered pigs at Azogues abattoir, analyzed by phenotype to 420 mestizos and 37 creoles. The average Age of mestizo pigs was 5 ± 1,09 months old, Slaughter Weight 94,2 ± 19,39 kg, Carcass Yield 83,5 ± 2,02%, Lean Percentage 61,2 ±4,37%, T°C45m 37,5±1,14°, T°C2h 34,8±1,57°, pH45m 6,4±0,13 y pH2h de 6,1±0,13. The average Age in creole pigs was 8,2 ± 4,40 months old, Slaughter Weight 92,7 ± 20,63 kg, Carcass Yield 75,9 ± 3,32%, Lean Percentage 55,1 ± 5,40%, T°C45m 36,9±1,10°, T°C2h 34,1±1,51°, pH45m 6,4±0,10 y pH2h 6,1±0,97. Significant statistical differences were found (P <0.05) for Carcass Yield and Lean Percentage about Age and Body Condition. In mestizo pigs we found that the 62,9% of carcasses were very lean; in creole pigs the 27% of carcasses were very lean and the 5,4% of the carcasses was fat. According to pH scale the 87% of pig mestizo carcasses and 89% of creole pig carcasses were normal. Slaughter Weight, Body Condition and the Age in mestizo pigs (R2=15%) have a little influence at the moment of estimating the Lean Percentage, while the Age of creole pigs (R2=36%) indicates a low predictive relationship. Body Condition and Weight Slaughter (R2=36%) have a low relation at estimating carcass yield in mestizo phenotype. There is an excellent predictor relationship (R2 = 98%) between the Body Condition, Age and Weight Slaughter of mestizo animals to predict the T°C45m and T°C2h (R2=98%).