Eficacia de la administración de betametasona antes de la cesárea electiva para prevenir el síndrome de distres respiratorio en recién nacidos a término

Abstract

Objective: Determine the efficacy of the administration of Betamethasone before elective caesarean section to reduce Respiratory Distress Syndrome in newborns to term. Materials and Methods: In a randomized experimental clinical study, triple blind study has been performed in order to determine the efficacy of betamethasone to decrease the frequency of respiratory distress in newborns to term by elective cesarean section, compared with newborns of elective cesarean section without prior corticosteroid. A total of 166 patients were randomized to two groups: Group A Betamethasone treatment received 48 hours before the surgery, and the Group B control no treatment. The analysis used the tables of 2x2 to determine the relative risk, was considered to be statistically significant values of p<0.05. Results: the groups were comparable with sociodemographic and obstetric variables assigned. The total incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was 21.10%. The incidence in the treatment group was 6% and in the control group of 36.10 %. The relative risk is RR 0.17 95%CI: 0.07 -0.41; RRR 0.83 95%CI: 0.59 -0.93; RRA 0.30 95%:0.19 -0.42 and NNT 3.32 95%CI: 2.40 -5.38; p 0,000. In the control group, 3 (1.8 %) patients were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Conclusions: The use of betamethasone is effective for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn deliveries by elective cesarean section in pregnancies to term