Prevalencia de anemia ferropénica y factores asociados en parturientas del Hospital “Vicente Corral Moscoso”, Cuenca 2014

Abstract

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the nutritional deficits Widely spread around the world. According to the World Health Organization the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8 %. Anemia consequences´ are affecting to the mother and baby´s health, among the possible causes could be dietary deficiencies, infections, education level, socio -economic status and others. Objective: Determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in patients who come to Vicente Corral Maternity´s and identify the associated factors with gestational anemia. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, with 451 pregnant women from Vicente Corral Moscoso´s Hospital. A questionnaire was validated for the socio-economic status, demographic and clinical data was obtained from the medical history. Hemoglobin values were determinated at Pregestational and after delivery, as well as hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume. Results: The mean age was 23.9 years, 53.7 % women had high school studies and 68.5 % had low socioeconomic status, 52.8 % expressed a reproductive period more than two years and 92.9 % had more than 5 prenatal visits. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is 33.70% ; 95% CI : 29.31 to 38.09. Mild anemia 20.2 %, 12.6 % moderate and 0.9 % severe anemia. The level of socioeconomic status, marital status and education is associated with gestational anemia, values of p < 0.05. The number of prenatal visits is considered to be a factor associated with maternal anemia, CI OR 12.7, 95% 4.78-33,7, p = 0.000 and births period 's OR 3.88, 95% CI: 1, 74 to 8.64 , p = 0.000 . Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia is high and it is associated with number of prenatal controls and intergenesic period