Prevalencia de alérgenos respiratorios en niños de 5 a 10 años que acuden al laboratorio de la fundación Hogar del Ecuador, Cuenca

Abstract

Allergic diseases are considered an important public health problem, especially in children. Also they are considered one of the major pathologies that can undergo humans throughout his life, and in our country is one of the least studied diseases. In this descriptive cross-sectional research was established the prevalence of respiratory allergens in 90 children (male and female) from 5 to 10 years old that attended during the months of May, June and July of 2015 to the laboratory “FundacionHogar del Ecuador” located in the city of Cuenca. In order to quantify Specific Immunoglobulin E for 20 aeroallergens included in this study, an enzymatic immunoassay method above a nitrocellulose membrane was used. Each analysis was performed using RIDA qLine Allergy. Statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS 22.0 and Excel 2013. The results showed that 61 (67,8%) patients presented sensibility to a least one of the 20 allergens tested. The most prevalent allergens were Dermatophagoidespteranyssinus and Dermatophagoidesfarinaewith 55,6% and 42,2% respectively, followed by plants allergen (herbal mix) which sensitizes to 30% of the allergic population. Finally animals and fungus, where the guinea pig shows a prevalence of 20% and Penicilliumnotatum/chrysogenum, Cladosporiumherbarum y Aspergillusfumigatus affects each one to 3,3% of the sensitizes.