Evaluación del riesgo toxicológico de plomo y cadmio en suelos del entorno del Parque Industrial de la ciudad de Cuenca

Abstract

With the present research, toxicological hazard due to the presence of lead and cadmium in the grounds of the neighborhoods near the industrial park of the city of Cuenca (AbdónCalderón and Uncovía) was evaluated. In order to do so, the concentrations of these contaminants were determined in five soil samples collected at different distances between the industrial zone and each neighborhood, ranging from 200 to 700 meters. The tests were performed in triplicate and the methods applied were acid digestion and atomic absorption; the mean values of lead and cadmium obtained were compared to those of the Environmental Quality Norm of Ecuador and international norms, such as the corresponding norms by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America) and The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. Significant differences were only observed regarding the concentrations permitted in the Environmental Quality Norm of Ecuador. Finally, toxicological hazard calculations were done, for which several parameters were evaluated, such as: exposure dose, admissible daily intake, carcinogenic hazard and EMEG (Environmental Media Evaluation Guide). The obtained values indicate minimal toxicological hazard for child population and the absence of toxicological hazard for adult population. Additionally, 100 surveys regarding the adverse effects, diseases and the relationship with the environment in which the studied area inhabitants live were given to the people who dwell in the examined zones, yielding data on environmental quality and the existing pollution.