Parámetros productivos, reproductivos, manejo y sanidad en ganado lechero de las parroquias Tarqui, Cumbe y Victoria de Portete

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was determined the productive, reproductive parameters, management and health of 797 Agricultural Production Units distributed in Tarqui, Cumbe and Victoria of Portete parishes classified as large, medium and small. The information was obtained directly from the records and of the technical surveys applied to the owners of the livestock; the geo positioning of UPAs and the elaboration of the maps was done through the Geographic Information System (GIS), ArcGIS. The systematization of information organized in a database by parish, size and quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed using SPSS. The mean and standard error of the technical parameters were: Milk production of 6,4±0,1 liters/cow/day, Lactation Duration of 326,9±3,2 days, Percentage of cows in production 72±1%, Annual Percentage Discard of Cows 9±1%, Adult Mortality rate 5±1%, Mortality Rate of Calves at Weaning 7±1%, Effective Percentage of Weaning 93±1%, Grazing Range 50,7±1,2 days, Numbers of Animal per UPA 10,8±0,5, Animal load Total 8,6±0,4 UBAs, Animal load per Ha 4,6±0,2 UBAs, Receptive Capacity Total 8,7 UBAs, Receptive Capacity per Ha 2,5 UBAs, Age at First Service 24,7±0,3 months, Age at First Calving 33,8±0,3 months, Interval from Calving to First Service 174,3±3,8 days, Calving Interval-Conception 196,5±3,8 days, Interval from Calving 15,1±0,1 months, Dry Period Length of 85,6±1,4 days, Number of services per conception 1,4±0,0, Conception Rate at First Service 74±2% and Global Conception Rate 83±1%.Regarding the management and health: the 87% of UPAs use mounted as reproductive technique, the 13% have registers, the 3% use mechanical milking, the 63% have natural grass pastures, the 86% apply sogueo as grazing system, the 31% do pasture management, the 56% fertilize, the 35% have an irrigation system, the 28% use supplements; the 99% immunize against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), just a 25% immunizes against Clostridials, the 2% against BVD, IBR, PI3, L, also a 2% against Brucellosis and 1% against Pneumoenteritis, the 92% apply antiparasitic and the 65% use vitamins.Using statistical tools we were found three technology levels characterized as technicized, semi- technicized, and no technicized.