Tesis Especializaciones (Ciencias Médicas)

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Browsing Tesis Especializaciones (Ciencias Médicas) by Subject "Cantón Cuenca"

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    Afectación psicológica en adolescentes expuestos a violencia intrafamiliar de la parroquia Ricaurte. Cantón Cuenca. 2015-2016
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) Moscoso Pineda, Blanca Luzmila; Ortiz Segarra, José Ignacio
    Introduction: Violence as a social problem at a global, national and local level results from the use of physical force or power, causing injury, death or psychological damage, affecting the psychological sphere of adolescents, with negative repercussions on their future. Objective: To determine the different types of psychological affection in adolescents exposed to intrafamily violence. Materials and Methods: A cross - sectional, analytical study was carried out on the psychological involvement of adolescents exposed to intrafamily violence, Ricaurte parish, Cuenca canton. With structured questionnaires to 255 participants, collecting information on sociodemographic, family characteristics, violence, detecting psychological affection analyzing prevalences, a bivariate and multivariate analysis determining association by OR and 95% CI. Considering significant results at p <0.05. Results: The prevalence of psychological affection was for moderate anxiety 22.35%, severe depression 14.90%, medium-low self-esteem 25.88% and verbal aggressiveness 52.16%. The type of psychological violence showed 45.1%. The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between anxiety OR = 2.16 (95% CI: 1.18-3.95) (p = 0.011), depression OR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.11-3.29 ) (P = 0.018), verbal aggressiveness OR = 5.29 (95% CI = 1.16-24.17) (p = 0.01) and rage OR = 2.15 (95% CI = 1.26-3, 68) (p = 0.005), with types of violence. The multivariate analysis found an association between family functionality and adolescent psychological distress OR = 2.68 -2.80, (95% CI = 1.459 - 5.260) (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to intrafamily violence triggers in the adolescents psychological consequences determined the functionality of the family, which makes it necessary to address this significant social problem
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    Alteraciones de la glucemia en anestesia general con halotano vs. fentanyl. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga [IESS]
    (1998) Mera González, Rita del Consuelo; Marín Torres, Esperanza del Carmen; Cañizares Aguilar, Aurelio Ernesto; Barzallo Sacoto, Jorge Eduardo
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    Alteraciones de la glucemia en anestesia general con halotano vs. fentanyl. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga [IESS].1997
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 1998-11-11) Mera González, Rita del Consuelo; Marín Torres, Esperanza del Carmen; Barzallo Sacoto, Jorge Eduardo; Cañizares Aguilar, Aurelio Ernesto
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    Aplicación de la escala de ages en pacientes con cancer diferenciado de tiroides en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca enero 2007-octubre 2009
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-11-11) Reinoso Barzallo, Darío; Moscoso Abad, Teodoro Enrique; Acurio Páez, Fausto David
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    Autopercepción y constructo de la imagen corporal y su relación con la actividad física en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad Ricaurte 2015
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) De La Cruz Yamunaqué, Elizabeth Lilian; Abril Ulloa, Sandra Victoria
    Background: Obesity is an epidemic, related to intrapersonal factors (perception of the image and body dissatisfaction), family (family functionality) and sociocultural (influence of advertising, and social environment). Objectives: To determine self-perception of body image and its relation to physical activity in overweight and obese adults, Ricaurte 2015. Materials and Methods: Quantitative-qualitative study. Quantitative: observational, analytical-transverse, sample of 364 adults, 18 and 64 years, overweight and obesity of Ricaurte, Azuay. The family APGAR, CIMEC, and IPAQ were applied. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS v15 program. Qualitative: three focus groups. Results: wrong perception of the image of 63.2%. Body dissatisfaction of 78%. Significantly statistically significant dissatisfaction with the perception of the image (p = 0.00). The women showed a high influence of the aesthetic models marked by the advertising 10,8 ± 7,7. 39.3% performed low activity, no relation was found between the perception of the image and the performance of physical activity (p = 0.652). People with body dissatisfaction are 5.7 times higher risk for inadequate perception (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 3,329 - 9,790, p = 0,000). There are ambivalences in the feelings around the body, these range from indifference to sadness and rejection. Conclusions: high inadequate perception and body dissatisfaction in overweight or obese individuals. The perception of the image is not related to family functionality or physical activity. The feelings around the body are diverse
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    Características de las infecciones nosocomiales en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2014 -2015
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Salcedo González, Rosa Karina; Bermeo Guartambel, Ximena Margoth; Morocho Malla, Manuel Ismael
    Objective: To determine the characteristics of nosocomial infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Service of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during the years of 2013 to 2014. Materials and methods: Descriptive study conducted on 32 patients diagnosed with nosocomial infection in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital; Data was collected on a form; it was tabulated in version 15 of SPSS and for the analysis we used frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency and location. Results:The studied population corresponds to 32 cases, with an average age of 38,87 months; the most frequent groups were: 71,9% of male sex;50% under 12 months old; 56,3% of underweight patients, with an average of 20,31 days of hospitalization. The most common site of infection was blood with 59,4% being the Gram-positive cocci responsible for 46,9% of infections, the most frequently isolated specific germ was Staphylococcus aureus with 25% of isolates. The average time of device usage was as follows: bladder catheter 15,23 days; 14,07 days of venous catheter; central catheter 18,08 days; parenteral nutrition 10,57 days; nasogastric catheter 14,53 days and 10,92 days of mechanical ventilation. The most used antibiotic was from penicillin group, these was before entering PICU (Pediatric Intensive Care Unit), meanwhile in the PICU the antibiotic group used the most was cephalosporin with 68,8% of usage. Conclusions:Nosocomial infections in the Pediatric Intensive CareServices were more frequent in males and in patients with pneumonia on admission
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    Características de las funciones cognitivas en alcohólicos del C.R.A. Durante el año 2002
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2003-11-11) Chalaco Vega, Angelita Germania; Criollo Quisataxi, Flor Amelia; Pinos Abad, Guido Marcelo; Rojas Reyes, Rosendo Iván
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    Características del uso de antimicrobianos en el servicio de medicina interna de los hospitales Vicente Corral Moscoso y José Carrasco septiembre 2006
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2006-11-11) Astudillo Espinoza, Nelly del Rocío; Idrovo Vásquez, Víctor Aníbal; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino
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    Características epidemiológicas y clínicas del cáncer de mama. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca 2014
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2015-11-11) Torres Brito, Irma Cecilia; Duque Proaño, Galo Rubén; Orellana Cabrera, Iván Eladio
    Objectives. To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of breast cancer in a level III hospital. Methodology. With a descriptive design, information about the casuistry of breast cancer treatment were collected from June 2010 to May 2014 in the José Carrasco Arteaga, IESS Hospital in Cuenca. Information from medical records was extracted. Results. A total of 202 cases diagnosed histologically, 99.51% female and 0.49% male were recorded. The age range was 41-60 years. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 56.9%, the 7.9% had a personal history of breast cancer and 17.8% family history of breast cancer. The 9.9% had early menarche, nulliparity 20.4%, late age at first birth 7.9%, 4.4% late menopause. 23.8% received hormonal treatment. The 77.2% of patients were diagnosed by mammography. Within the histological diagnosis of ductal carcinoma, it was the most frequent with 93.1%. The 77.1% were diagnosed early. As treatment a radical surgery was performed in 53,4% and conservative in 46.5%, chemotherapy in 86.6%, biological therapy in 15.8%, hormone therapy in 59.4% and radiotherapy in 46%. Conclusions: A majority percentage of patients were diagnosed early. About half could retain their mammary gland. The variables age at menarche, age at first birth and age at menopause did not show statistical significance. Nulliparity was presented in a considerable number of cases. The hospital has all therapeutic modalities.
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    Caracterización de escherichia coli fecal no patógena y factores asociados en leucemia infantil, SOLCA, Cuenca 2011
    (2011-11-11) Muñoz Ortíz, Eudoxia Georgina; Palacios Espinoza, Elvira del Carmen; Encalada Torres, Lorena Esperanza; Iñiguez, Diana
    Introduction: Escherichia coli fecal resistant is a risk to leukemia children health´s. The gut is a source germ´s and generates septicemias. Objective: Characterizer Escherichia coli fecal non pathogen from children with leukemia and determinate the associate factors like: type of leukemia, neutropenia, antibiotic treatment, hospital stays, in SOLCA, Cuenca, 2011 Methodology: It was a transversal study, the universe were the children under 15 years old with leukemia diagnoses, the information gets of the institutional system´s. We establish sensibility or resistance with the CLSI guidelines. The bioethics committee approved this study. We used the EPIDAT program, descriptive statistics, square chi to statistic significance, prevalence reason’s with 95% IC to association. Results: We estudied 55 isolates of Escherichia coli fecal, were resistant to Trimetoprim sulfametoxazol (50,9%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (30,9%), Ceftazidime (16,4%), Cefotaxime (16,4%), Ciprofloxacin (14,5), also Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases ESBL (10,9%). The neutropenia was associate to ESBL (p=0,01); the antibiotics intake was associate to ESBL (p=0,01). The hospital stay in the last month and six last months were associate to ESBL (p= 0,001). The ESBL was associate to ciprofloxacin resistance. Conclusion: There was Escherichia coli fecal resistant to Trimetoprim sulfametoxazol, amoxicillin-clavulanate, Ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, also ESBL. The neutropenia, antibiotics intake and hospital stay are associate factors. KEYWORDS: PREVALENCE, RESISTANCE, ESCHERICHIA COLI, Β-LACTAMASES
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    Comparación de los diferentes esquemas de tratamiento de artritis reumatoide con fármacos de segunda línea en los pacientes del los hospitales José Carrasco Arteaga (IESS-Cuenca) y Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca 2000-2001
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2000-11-11) Malla López, Ruth Cecilia; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra; Guevara Pacheco, Sergio Vicente; Ochoa Palacios, María Del Carmen; Morales Sanmartín, Jaime Rodrigo
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    Complicaciones postapendicectomía convencional y factores asociados, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, período agosto 2008-enero 2009, Cuenca 2009
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-11-11) Ayora Calle, John; González Vázquez, Cristian; Morales San Martín, Jaime; Figueroa Morales, Francisco Efraín
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    Conocimientos de los cuidadores en relación al manejo y diagnóstico de la fiebre y factores asociados en los niños de 3 a 36 meses, en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2014
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Viteri Barriga, María Fernanda; Bermeo Guartambel, Ximena Margoth; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes
    Objective: To determine the knowledge of caregivers in relation to the management and diagnosis of fever and associated factors in children 3-36 months who presented to the emergency room of the Hospital "Vicente Corral Moscoso" Cuenca 2014. Methods and Procedures: Cross-sectional study of 399 caregivers of children 3-36 months about their knowledge of diagnosis and management of fever; information was taken directly by validated survey. The information was processed in SPSS 15.0 and was obtained: frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi square, Tau-b of Kendall and Kendall Tau-c and correspondece analysis. Results: The caregivers more interviewed were mothers, aged 15-24 (44.1%). 56.1% of caregivers dedicated to QQDD and married (45.9%). The predominant group of children were infants, younger males. The most frequent diagnosis was infection of upper airway (27.6%). The time evolution had a median income of 24 hours, and the average temperature of 38.2ºC income. 99.2% of respondents had insufficient knowledge. 8.8% of caregivers indicate that fever is beneficial. 86.5% and 72.4% of surveyed indicate that fever may cause convulsions at any age and lead to brain damage respectively. It is detected by touch (70.4%), 21.1% use the thermometer. Antipyretics used 79.2% and 70.8% paracetamol. Mothers have insufficient knowledge (P: 0.043). Significant differences between demographic variables and certain general knowledge and management were found
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    Conocimientos sobre hipertensión arterial y funcionalidad familiar en pacientes del Centro de Salud de Suscal 2017-2018
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Guzmán Morales, Silvia Maribel; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino
    Background: the degree of knowledge of hypertension is low in some populations, especially indigenous peoples, and can be related to family dysfunction, which may contribute to not achieving therapeutic control. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about hypertension in indigenous families compared to non-indigenous families and their relationship with family functionality. Materials and methods: quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study, which consisted in the interview of 69 hypertensive patients belonging to the Suscal Health Center for the period 2017-2018, to whom a questionnaire was previously validated, which consisted in determining characteristics sociodemographic, family functionality and knowledge about hypertension. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 15 and Odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between the variables. Results: when evaluating the level of knowledge according to the ethnic group, it was evidenced that the natives had higher levels in the category of null knowledge (19.2%). In relation to family functionality, indigenous people presented a higher percentage of dysfunctional families (92.6%) than non-indigenous families (4.7%). Patients with family dysfunction were associated with a higher probability of null knowledge about the disease (OR = 73.75, 95% CI = 6.86-791.98, p<0.001). Conclusion: the indigenous patients had more cases of null knowledge, as well as the relationship between family dysfunctionality and zero knowledge about arterial hypertension
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    Control glucémico y su asociación con la Funcionalidad Familiar y conocimiento de su enfermedad en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 que acuden al Centro de Salud de Sinincay 2017 - 2018
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-11-11) Fernández Cruz, Fanny Alexandra; Ojeda Orellana, Marco Ribelino
    Introduction: Failed glycemic control is associated to ≥7% glycosylated hemoglobin values, and is related to a high complications’ prevalence, getting patient’s life at risk. Aim: Establish the association between glycemic control with family functionality and disease knowledge in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patients who came to Sinincay health center in the year 2017 - 2018. Methods and materials: An analytical cross sectional study was performed, in which 102 Sinincay health center’s diabetic patients were examined, glycosylated hemoglobin was done, along with ECODI test to assess diabetes knowledge level and FF-SIL test for family functionality, being previously validated. Statistical analysis was made with SPSS version 23 program, evaluating patients who met diabetic club belonging criteria, and the Helsinki agreement was respected. Results: The ruling features were female genre, early elders, married people and elementary education level, failed metabolic control’s frequency was 51% with a female genre prevalence. Regarding knowledge, medium level preponderated with 67,6%, and moderate family functionality with 63,7%; knowledge was adversely correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin r=-0,245 p=0,014, bigger knowledge less hemoglobin and family functionality was favorably correlated, bigger functionality bigger knowledge r=0,197 p=0,048. Conclusion: Lower knowledge level regarding diabetes has a negative effect in patient’s glycemic control, and at the same time family dysfunctionality influences a lower knowledge
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    Control inadecuado de Hipertensión Arterial y Factores asociados en mayores de 40 Años. Parroquia San Sebastián 2017
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2019-04-08) Solís Sánchez, Javier Stalyn; Álvarez Serrano, Marlene Elizabeth
    Background: hypertension (HT) has a high prevalence worldwide and its control has been associated with family functionality, lifestyle and compliance with treatment. Objective: to determine the inadequate control of hypertension and associated factors in individuals older than 40 years of the San Sebastian parish in 2017. Materials and methods: an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study consisting of 190 hypertensive patients, who underwent a questionnaire and their blood pressure was measured, tabulating the data obtained and performing their analysis using the statistical program SPSS. in its version 15. For the analysis, the Chi square test and the OR with their CI 95% were calculated to evaluate the association between variables. Results: 76.3% women, 36.2% between 71 to 80 years, 58.9% married, 70.5% reside urban area, 63.7% with basic education, 77.9% belong to families moderately functional, 45.3% have uncontrolled hypertension and 52.1% do not comply with the treatment, 50% have a regular lifestyle, it was associated with poor control of hypertension when treatment was not met (OR = 5.69 95% CI = 3.10-10.81, p <0.001), moderate-dysfunctional functionality 93% p <0.01, and the bad-regular lifestyle in which 72.8% was uncontrolled. however, the latter did not show statistical difference. Conclusions: non-control of hypertension was associated with non-compliance with treatment for moderate-dysfunctional family functioning and a bad-regular lifestyle
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    Culturas juveniles urbanas en la ciudad de Cuenca, 2008-2009: estudio etnográfico
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2009-11-11) Solís, María Fernanda; Iturralde Aguilar, María Augusta
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    Densidad óptica en embarazadas normales y madurez pulmonar fetal. Estudio en el líquido amniótico. Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca -Ecuador 1999
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 1999-11-11) Ortega Cueva, Fausto Germán; Ulloa Maurat, Jaime Patricio; Cárdenas Herrera, Oswaldo José; Quito Riera, Lauro Bolívar