Laboratorio Clínico-Pregrado

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Enfermedades crónicas y su relación con los grupos sanguíneos ABO en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga - IESS. Cuenca mayo 2019 – mayo 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2022-07-06) Carrión Morocho, Xavier Esteban; Erazo Vélez, Pablo Esteban; Baculima Tenesaca, José Mauricio
Background: Chronic diseases represent a serious health problem, of prolonged duration and slow progression. In America, in the Andean area, cardiovascular diseases figure 26.5%, cancer 17.1%, chronic respiratory diseases 5.4%, diabetes 5.1%, and others are located 17,1%. In Santiago de Chile in 2007 a study was conducted regarding ABO blood groups, groups blood B and AB are at risk for lung cancer, and group O for gastric and prostate cancer. Objective: To establish chronic diseases and their relationship with ABO blood groups in patients treated at the José Carrasco Arteaga-IESS Hospital, Cuenca, May 2019 – May 2020. Methodology: The present study has a descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective approach in patients with chronic diseases in the Oncology, Clinical, Surgery, Gynecology and Pediatrics areas at the José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital in the period 2019 - 2020. The data will be processed in SPSS Statistics 25 and Excel, the information will be analyzed through percentages, frequencies, measures of central tendency, to establish association and statistical significance between the variables, the prevalence ratio and the P value will be used. Results: Of the 200 medical records of the patients treated at the IESS, 42.5% corresponded to patients diagnosed with chronic diseases. Among the most frequently found diseases, primary hypertension is in first place with a percentage of 20% and congenital heart disease with 12.9%, the two with greater frequency in male patients with blood type O, the presence of chronic diseases in female patients is 23.5%.
FRECUENCIA DE CÁNCER COLORRECTAL POR ESTUDIO ANATOMOPATOLÓGICO EN BIOPSIAS ENDOSCÓPICAS DE PACIENTES ATENDIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO, CUENCA 2023- 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-28) Vega López, Javier Alejandro; Orellana Villazhañay, Esteban Leonardo; Auquilla Díaz, Nancy Eulalia
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant neoplasms with the highest incidence in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2023 it ranked as the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy, with a total of 153,020 new cases, being significantly more common in men than in women. In the same year, in Ecuador, according to data from the National Tumor Registry, colorectal cancer ranked third in frequency, with approximately 1,123 new cases. Objective: To determine the frequency of colorectal cancer based on histopathological analysis of endoscopic biopsies from patients treated at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca, 2023–2024. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using a sample of 111 histopathological reports. Data were collected using standardized forms from the anonymized database of the Pathology Laboratory at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital. The information was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0. Results: The frequency of CRC was 9.9%, and premalignant lesions accounted for 31.5% of the study population. When these findings were correlated with sociodemographic variables, the disease affected both sexes equally and showed a predominance in the older adult group. Regarding place of residence, most positive cases corresponded to patients from urban areas.
Frecuencia de hipertiroidismo en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cáncer SOLCA-Cuenca en el periodo 2017-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-04-25) Orellana Feijoó, Grecia del Carmen; Samaniego Asanza, Ana Paula; Macero Méndez, Reina María
Background: Conditions to the thyroid glands can be find in 40% of patients who attend an endocrinology consultation in Ecuador, where it´s well known that complications with the thyroid have increased, reaching 8.5% of cases, especially in women, which rate correspond from 1% to 3%. However, information about hyperthyroidism in Ecuador is scarce, referring to data from isolated studies, which do not consider associated variables and factors of origin and incidence by diagnostic criteria. Objective: Determine the frequency of hyperthyroidism in patients who attended an outpatient clinic at SOLCACUENCA in the 2017-2019 period. Methodology: An observational and retrospective study was carry out, where a non-probabilistic convenience sampling methodology was applied through inclusion and exclusion criteria to select the data that were subject to analysis. One thousand six hundred forty one medical records were analyzed using the SPSS version 25 for Windows program, which facilitated the tabulation of data and their presentation through tables. Results: As a result, the incidence of hyperthyroidism between 2017 and 2019 was 12.11%, with thyroid goiter being the diagnosis with the highest incidence (93.5%), the female sex with an incidence of 93.0%, the age with the highest incidence between 27 and 59 years (72.4%). The province with the highest incidence of hyperthyroidism was Azuay (57.3%) due to the sample date being part in majority from the province itself. In addition, the occupation that suffers the most is a housewife with 48.7%.
Frecuencia de leucemia linfoblástica aguda en pacientes del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga en el período 2018-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-13) Pauta Ortiz, Liliana Esthela; Quinotocte Tenesaca, Judith Cristina; Bigoni Ordóñez, Gabriele Davide
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common type of cancer and it mainly affects the pediatric population. It is characterized by the increase of lymphoblasts by a maturational block and subsequent clonal proliferation in the bone marrow. It is divided into: B-lineage lymphoid, T-lineage lymphoid, and biphenotypic, and subdivided into immunophenotypes, which are identified by flow cytometry. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients of José Carrasco Arteaga hospital in 2018-2019. This is a descriptive cross- sectional study. The data was collected through a questionnaire and interpreted through simple and crossed tables expressed as percentages and frequencies. Tabulation of data and statistical graphs was carried out using the IBM SPSS, trial version, and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed that the frequency data of age comprised young adults within the 20-64 age range; the province with the highest number of cases was Azuay. The majority of cases comprised males (64%) and the most frequent type of ALL was type B (90%) in relation to type T. The most frequent subtypes according to lineage were B-common (75%) and T-cortical thymic (4.3%). Cell markers for type B-ALL were CD10 and CD34 and for type T they were CD3, CD4, and CD8.
Frecuencia de marcadores moleculares en leucemia mieloide caracterizada por citometría de flujo en pacientes de SOLCA 2015-2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-13) Suárez Elizalde, Maybery Rosibel; Quezada Alvear, Christian Andrés; Bigoni Ordóñez, Gabriele Davide
Background: Flow cytometry is a rapid, objective and quantitative method of analysis of cellular physical/chemical characteristics, a very useful technique in the diagnosis of leukemia and its classification by cellular immunophenotyping. General Objective: To describe the frequency of molecular markers in myeloid leukemia characterized by flow cytometry in SOLCA patients, 2015 - 2019. Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study whose universe consisted of all complete medical records of patients diagnosed with AML in the period 2015-2019 in SOLCA/Cuenca. The demographic data of each patient who underwent testing for AML molecular markers by Flow Cytometry and PCR was analyzed. Data were collected through the SOLCA information system, interpretation of the information was performed using statistical tables and graphs. Results: The cases analyzed in the study ranged in age from 0 to 90 years, with the most frequent ages ranging from 11 to 20 years. The province with more cases was Azuay. Of the cases analyzed 55 were female and 52 were male, 40 cases with a diagnosis of AML presented the M3 subtype being the most frequent in the study, the predominant cell marker was CD33 with positivity in 103 cases and the most frequent chromosomal alteration detected was PML/RARa t(15;17) with presence in 29 cases.
Frecuencia de positividad de marcadores tumorales CA-125 y CEA en pacientes con cáncer de ovario del Hospital de Especialidades Médicas José Carrasco Arteaga periodo 2019
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-07) Mora Aguilar, Jorely Maricela; Bermeo Chicaiza, Lenin Santiago; Bigoni Ordóñez, Gabriele Davide
Ovarian epithelial cancer is the fifth cause of mortality in Europe, with an incidence of 6-14 cases per 100,000. 90% of ovarian tumors develops in epithelial cells, and postmenopausal women are the most prone to suffer from it; the average age of individuals diagnosed with this disease is 54 years. Survival from ovarian cancer in 2010-2014 was estimated between 30% and 50% at a 5-year rate worldwide; in Ecuador it reached 37,9% at 5-year rate, and in Quito, in 2013-2015, it was 46%. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of positivity rate of tumor markers Ca-125 and CEA patients with ovarian cancer at José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital, 2019. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed by simple and cross tabulation, using percentages and frequencies. Statistical data was tabulated using IBM SPSS Statistics trial version and Microsoft Excel software programs. Results showed that the most frequent age range of patients with ovarian cancer in 2019 was 51-60 years (32.5%); 59,6% had a family history of cancer, and 73,9% were postmenopausal. The frequency of positivity rate of tumor marker CA-125 was 49,8% (101) and CEA was 15,3% (31). Significant alteration of CA-125 was found in the late stage of the disease (26,1%); significant alteration of CEA was found in the late stage of the disease (8,9%). CA-125/CEA ratio >25 identified 89,7% of epithelial ovarian cancer, while 10,3% was excluded (<25).
LESIONES CERVICOVAGINALES DETECTADAS POR CITOLOGÍA DE BASE LÍQUIDA EN MUJERES ATENDIDAS EN EL HOSPITAL VICENTE CORRAL MOSCOSO. CUENCA 2023-2024
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-24) Cajilima Molina, Elibeth Janela; Condo Valladarez, Diana Sarvelia; Patiño Mogrovejo, Juan Carlos
Cervicovaginal lesions and cervical cancer represent a public health problem, especially in developing countries. In Ecuador, cervical cancer is the second leading cause of gynecological mortality. A study conducted in Cuenca in 2018 showed a detection rate of 64.4%, exceeding the national average of 58.8%. This justifies the need for updated studies using liquid-based cytology, Papanicolaou staining, and cellular analysis to identify changes associated with carcinogenic processes. This study had a descriptive, cross-sectional cohort design. Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 21 were used for data tabulation, with purposive sampling of all data collection forms. The variables included in this study were cervicovaginal lesions detected by liquid-based cytology, age, place of residence, and number of pregnancies. Data analysis was performed using qualitative variables expressed as percentages in simple tables. In the results obtained, the frequency of cervicovaginal lesions identified by liquid-based cytology in women treated at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital was determined and classified according to the Bethesda System for the years 2023–2024.

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