Laboratorio Clínico-Pregrado

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Browsing Laboratorio Clínico-Pregrado by Subject "Bacteria"

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    Caracterización bacteriana en flora intestinal y pruebas de resistencia antibiótica en 500 escolares del sector urbano de Cuenca, año 2009
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2011-11-11) Jimbo Méndez, Janeth María; Saquicela Quezada, Sandra Tarcila; Galindo Banegas, Telmo Benjamín; Alvarez Serrano, Marlene Elizabeth
    Objective: Bacterial characterization in Intestinal Flora and Tests of Antibiotic Resistance in 500 scholars of the Urban Sector of Cuenca, Year 2009 .-Materials and Methods. With an Observational Descriptive design, 500 samples of fecal grounds were gathered of school and they were processed in the laboratory of microbiology of the Ability of Sciences you prescribe, during the period September of the 2009. - Results. -Of the 500 scholars 279 were women and 221 men, the percentage distribution for ages was: 5-7 years (33.6%), 8-10 years (44.4%) and of 11-13 years (22.0%). The carried out bacterial isolations showed to Escherichia coli in 80%, Enterobacter 13%, Klebsiella 5.8%, Proteus 0.8% and Pseudomona 0.4%. - It was determined that all the bacterias turned out to be sensitive in a high percentage to Imipenem 100%, Cloranfenicol 98.4%, Ciprofloxacina 97.5%, Cefotaxime 95.5%, Cefurexime 93.3%, and Ceftriaxona 90.2%. Escherichia coli presents resistance to Trimetoprinsulfa with 20%, Gentamicina 23.5% and Ampicilina+ Sulbactam 25.3%; as for the Enterobacter it was it for Gentamicina 15.4%, Ampicilina+Sulbactam 18.5%, in what concerns Klebsiella 24.1% point for Gentamicina and Ampicilina+ Sulbactam and Trimetoprinsulfa 27.6%. Proteus and Pseudomona didn't present resistance some. Conclusions. - Escherichia coli was the bacteria of more frequency contrary to Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus and Pseudomona, the bacterial resistance was comparatively low.AU
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    Determinación de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina como colonizante nasal en el personal de salud del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2018
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Maza Morocho, Doris Gabriela; Naranjo Naranjo, Lorena Lisseth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
    BACKGROUND: The first outbreak of methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was recorded in the 70s in the United Kingdom, and this resistance spread throughout the world. The first outbreaks were only related to the intrahospital environments, having as carriers of this microorganism the own health personnel, in the 90s, MRSA strains acquired in the community were diagnosed. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To establish the incidence of methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a nasal colonizer in health professionals of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital corresponding to the period May – October 2018. METHODOLOGY: The present investigation is of analytical and transversal type, 162 health workers were analyzed, samples of nasal swab were obtained for the later determination of S. aureus. The resistance to methicillin was diagnosed through the modified Kirby - Bauer method. The results obtained were examined in the SPSS software version 15.0 for their respective tabulation and analysis. RESULTS: In the year 2018, during the period May - October, an incidence of S. aureus of 20% was obtained, of these isolations 9,4% correspond to MRSA, with the job position of general practitioners, the areas where it was isolated MRSA were the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospitalization with incidents of 3,1% and 6,3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of MRSA found in nasal carriers is considered significant since, it represents a potential risk for the spread of colonization and nosocomial infections at the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso.
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    Frecuencia de Helicobacter pylori mediante la técnica inmunocromatográfica de antígeno fecal en pacientes del Hospital Universitario del Río, 2018-2021
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-25) Lucano Solano, Cintya Joseline; Gutiérrez León, Yomaira Yolanda
    Helicobacter pylori is a type of gram-negative bacteria that causes various gastric infections, which are acquired in the first years of life. The manifestation of this disease is determined by different factors like socioeconomic status, poor hygienic conditions, and overcrowding, among others. In 2021, tha Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported that over half of the world's population is infected by this bacterium, and 15-20% of those cases are related to the development of peptic ulcers, mucosa-associated lymphoid, and gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori through the immunochromatographic fecal antigen test in patients of Hospital Universitario del Río, 2018-2021. It was a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Data was collected from the anonymized database of the results of the immunochromatographic fecal antigen test of the hospital clinical laboratory. Those results were recorded in a digital form and interpreted through simple and/or cross tabulation using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25 software, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft Word. The results show that the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection was 42%; with a predominance of the female gender (63%). Participants aged over 61 were the ones with the highest positivity rate (18%). The province of Azuay reported the highest number of positive cases (64%) and the most frequently demanded hospital services was that of outpatient care (87%).
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    Identificacción de infecciones de vías urinarias, agente etiológico, sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y factores asociados en los habitantes de la Comunidad de San Francisco de Cuchocorral. El Tambo-Cañar 2015
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Pintado Cumbe, Diana Priscila; Rodas Cabrera, Adriana Marlene; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny Carola; Oleas Vivar, Ximena Marcela
    BACKGROUND: Urinary infections are severe health problems that affect to the general population. In "El Tambo" Canton, urinary infections are the major cause of outpatient visits and hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of urinary infections, the etiological agent, sensitivity to antimicrobials and associated factors in the inhabitants of San Francisco de Cuchocorral- El Tambo 2015. METHODOLOGY: The present study followed a cross-sectional descriptive approach. The universe included 208 inhabitants and the sample was taken from 160 people in the community. The elementary and microscopic examination of urine as well as the urine culture and the antibiogram were carried on. The participants signed an informed consent form before the sample collection. A survey was administered to collect the filiation data and information related to the variables of the present study. The samples were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Medical Sciences. The obtained results were related to the variables through the SPSS V22 program and Excel for descriptive statistic. RESULTS: This study determined that urinary infections prevale in a 10% and 100% of female people have this infection and 44% of these women are 19 to 45 years old. The most frequent microorganism was Escherichia coli (87,5%). This was resistant to Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and Gentamicin (28.6%). Proteus and Klebsiella were resistant to Ampiciline-sulbactam and Fosfomycin (100%). CONCLUSIONS: The contribution to the Canton was to provide epidemiological data on the prevalence of urinary infections, the etiological agent and sensitivity to antimicrobials in the community inhabitants of San Francisco de Cuchocorral.
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    Identificación de agentes bacterianos y su susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos en uro cultivo de personas con infección de vías urinarias residentes en Sunicorral. Tambo 2015
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) León Orellana, Priscila Katherine; Guanuchi Paqui, Roberth Angel; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny Carola
    In 2013, urinary tract infections (UTI) were among the leading causes of morbidity in the United States. Escherichia coli was the pathogen that caused more than 90% of these infections. Other types such as, Klebsiella, Proteus and Staphylococcus caused infections on a lower percentage (1). This study was conducted in the community of Sunicorral located in the canton of El Tambo within the province of Cañar (2). The following research, identified bacterial agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility in Urine Culture and Antibiograms tests carried out on residents from Sunicorral with UTI. The study carried out herein is descriptive and cross-sectional. Meaning that 449 Sunicorral residents – of all age groups, both men and women – with UTI took part in it according to the Elementary and Microscopic urine examination results. Participants signed a consent and / or informed assent, they filled up a survey and collected a urine sample. Such samples were transported and processed in the faculty's laboratory The growth medium used were Blood Agar Base, CLED Agar and MacConkey Agar. Moreover, biochemical tests such as Urea, TSI, MIO, LIO, Citrate and the antibiotics needed depending the isolated bacteria and the bibliography and the data of the magazine Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2014. The obtained results were processed in the SPSS V23 programs and Microsoft Excel for descriptive statistics. Besides providing individuals with data on their current health status, the results also provided epidemiological data regarding urinary tract infections in Sunicorral.
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    Identificación de agentes bacterianos y susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos en urocultivos de personas con infección del tracto urinario de las comunidades Caguanapamba y Coyoctor del Cantón el Tambo-Cañar, 2015
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2016-11-11) Armijos Orellana, Elisa Estéfani; Lazo Dután, Darwin Mauricio; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny Carola; Baculima Tenesaca, José Mauricio
    BACKGROUND.- Among the most important infections in humans; the urinary tract infection (UTI) are the second most common cause of infection overtaken by respiratory tract infections; thus constituting a major cause of morbidity in the adult and often affecting women (1) (2) .The research was conducted in the communities of Canton Caguanapamba and Coyoctor-Cañar El Tambo. OBJECTIVE GENERAL. - Was based on the identification of bacterial agents and antimicrobial susceptibility in urine culture of people with urinary infection of Caguanapamba and Coyoctor communities in the canton El Tambo, 2015. METHODOLOGY AND TÉCNICA. - A study descriptive cross-sectional was conducted; the universe was represented by individuals in which the elementary and microscopic examination of urine (EMO) was positive for urinary tract infection, in the communities of Caguanapamba and Coyoctor. People willing to participate in the study signed an informed consent, accepting their participation. The data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS v22 program; it is expressed in tables with frequencies and percentages. RESULTS. - The 59.26% were positive by urine culture; 81.25% are female, with 50% aged 19-45 years 5 to 12 and 50%. Escherichia coli prevailed with 56.25%, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis with 12.50% and 6.25% for Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteous mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The predominant germ showed resistance to erythromycin with 50% and amoxicillin/clavulanate ac, cephalothin and nitrofurantoin with 27.28%. Staphylococcus epidermidis was resistant to erythromycin with 75%; Staphylococcus saprophyticus, with 100% for ceftriaxone and Proteous mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 100% resistance to nitrofurantoin. CONCLUSION. - Important epidemiological data was obtained for communities regarding ITU
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    Prevalencia de gastritis diagnosticada por ensayo inmunocromatográfico de Helicobacter pylori en heces en pacientes que acudieron al Hospital Moreno Vázquez. – Gualaceo-2021
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-09-28) Argudo Farfán, Fernanda Michelle; Chávez Chávez, Franklin Mauricio; Macero Méndez, Reina María
    Gastritis is a disease that produces changes at the gastric mucosa and alteration in the immune system, is caused mostly by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria. he taxonomic classification of this microorganism corresponds to Proteobacteria, Spirillaceae family, Helicobacter genus and pylori species, it is a Gram negative, curved and microarophilic bacillus, it measures 2.5 microns long by approximately 0.5 to 1 micron in diameter, has 2 to 6 flagella, It is a glucose non-fermenter and is also oxidase and catalase positive. The isolation of Helicobacter pylori in a culture medium is very complex, due to the different requirements of the medium for its ideal growth (blood, serum and antibiotics), which is why it has currently been determined that the best diagnostic method is detection of deterioration by immunochromatographic assay in feces. Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated to gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer, being gastritis as the principal manifestation. This disease can be related with certain factors like age, sex, socioeconomic status and demographics. Through the years prevalence has been increasing through all countries of Latin America. Therefore, an early diagnosis is essential.
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    Prevalencia de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. 2015-2016
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Parra Bernal, Tyrone Fabián; Romero Valdez, Karina Maribel; Sempértegui Coronel, Sandra Mariana
    Background: Tuberculosis is a public health problem, the Treatment by Direct Observation System is the basis of Tuberculosis control, it indicates how the treatment of the disease should be carried out, allowing to solve the factors that intervene in the success of the same. General Objective: Determine the prevalence of patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the Regional Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso of the city of Cuenca in the period 2015-2016. Methodology: The study was descriptive, observational, retrospective with patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis admitted to the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, through the collection of information by direct observation of the medical records and the database of patients in the year 2015-2016. tabulated the data obtained in the forms with SPSS 20.0 to obtain the total prevalence, then analyzed and classified the information according to the established variables. Results: The male sex predominates with 55.9% in 2015 and 57.7% in 2016, predominating 71-80 years (13.7%) in 2015 and 21-30 years (16.6%) in 2016. Obtaining 59 positive cases (20.8%) for Tuberculosis in 2015-2016. Pulmonary Tuberculosis predominates with 37 cases (11.4%), against 22 cases (9.4%) of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. The Hospital used for patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Hospitalization (56.8%), for Clinical Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis with 40.9%. For diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, the most frequently delivered sample is Pleural Fluid and Bronchial Aspiration. For Pulmonary Tuberculosis it is necessary to deliver two sputum for the confirmation of a positive case.
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    Prevalencia de Staphylococcus Aureus Meticilino resistente en reportes de laboratorio clínico del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2015-2016
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Juca Illares, Rómulo Darío; Cárdenas Carrera, Jenny Carola
    Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem, as it increases morbidity and mortality from infections, according to the World Health Organization, 5.7 million people die every year from this cause (3); In addition, it causes a high cost in the care of patients. Until now, the taking of the sample for culture and the study with antibiotics remain the gold standard in its diagnosis. (4) General objective: to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant in reports of the Clinical Laboratory of Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective prevalence study was carried out with the total of reports issued in the microbiology laboratory of the Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso in the year 2015-2016. The report of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant (MRSA) was associated with the study variables considered: age, sex, hospital service, type of sample. Statistical information was processed in the SPSS v 22 program and the Excel data analysis program was used to produce graphs. Results: The prevalence of resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 14.17%. Of the Staphylococcus gender, the most representative were: S. aureus 32.61%, S. epidermidis 29.83% and S. hominis 12.38%; 49.3% of patients were under 18 years old, 59.8% were men, of them in the pediatric service, 33.6% were found, clinical 31.9%; in blood samples 32.8% were MRSA, 49.3% secretions and 10.5% catheter tip. Conclusions: Staphylococcus spp with the gender S. aureus, S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis, is frequent in the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, mainly in pediatric and clinical services
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    Resistencias bacterianas en muestras de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto de Seguridad Social José Carrasco Arteaga, enero - diciembre 2016
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2018-11-11) Díaz Minchala, Carla Priscila; Vásquez Ojeda, Katerine Elizabeth; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
    BACKGROUND: Bacterial resistance is a global health problem due to the emergence of new bacterial mechanisms, causing an epidemiological alert due to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics, which is a therapeutic challenge. Through INSPI, Ecuador monitors bacterial resistance genotypically in unusual bacteria, incorporating 21 hospitals in the country, studies have allowed to generate alerts against epidemiological outbreaks in order to prevent the spread of infections. (1) GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To know the bacterial resistance in samples of patients hospitalized in the José Carrasco Arteaga Social Security Institute, January - December 2016. METHODOLOGY: The present study is of a descriptive and retrospective type, which is constituted by a universe of 2095 microbiological cultures, of which 1094 presented sensitivity and 1001 developed mechanisms of bacterial resistance, for the analysis of the data emitted by the microbiology area. In the period January - December 2016, programs such as SPSS v15 and Microsoft Excel were used. RESULTS: In 2016, 1001 bacteria with resistance mechanisms were isolated, the most frequent were: Staphylococcus coagulase negative with 374 and Escherichia coli with 287 isolates in all the hospital areas, the most frequent resistances were MRS 37.9%, BLEEs 36.7% BLACT with 11.9% and HLSR, HLGR 4.2% present in urine, secretion and blood predominating in the male sex in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Staphylococcus coagulase negative and Escherichia coli were the most isolated bacteria, with MRS and ESBLs being frequent in urine, blood and secretions samples with prevalence in males in 2016
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    Resistencias bacterianas en muestras de pacientes hospitalizados por servicios del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso enero-diciembre 2015- 2016
    (Universidad de Cuenca, 2017-11-11) Valdiviezo Verdugo, Danny Javier; Vallejo Vallejo, Román Alejandro; Sempértegui Coronel, Sandra Mariana; Agreda Orellana, Ivanna Solmayra
    BACKGROUND: The excessive use of antibiotics has induced the outbreak of multiresistant bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae producing carbapenemasas and beta-lactamases of extended spectrum, according to the Ministry of Health of Ecuador in 2014 there were a total of 2,806 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae of which 1,771 were BLEEs and 716 carbapenemasa. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of the main isolated bacteria and the resistance that they present in samples of cultures of hospitalized patients by Hospital service Vicente Corral Moscoso January 2015 December 2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out, the universe was composed of 3,929 reports of positive microbiological cultures and the sample of 2,223 isolates with some mechanism of resistance. In order to obtain results, the Epicenter system plus the data collection card were used and for the data tabulation the software SPSS V15 and Microsoft Excel were used. RESULTS: In 2015 the most isolated bacterium was K. pneumoniae with 327 cultures; in surgery on bone samples, ESBL production was found in 12 cultures (17.6%) and carbapenemasas in 7 cultures (24.1%); the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 600 samples; in 2016 the bacterium with the highest number of isolates was SCN with 328 cultures; in surgery the bone samples presented 6 cultures (7.7%) with ESBL production and 4 cultures (14.8%) of carbapenemase; the sex with the highest prevalence of cultures with resistance mechanisms was male with 566 samples. CONCLUSIONS: The bacterial incidence during the years 2015 and 2016 was K. pneumoniae, E. coli, SCN, S. aureus and E. cloacae; the sample with the largest number of isolates was secretions and the most frequent mechanism found was methicillin resistance followed by the production of carbapenemases