Browsing by Author "Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 33

Aceptación, rechazo y control parental asociados a características sociodemográficas de padres en Cuenca, Ecuador.
(2018) Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Villavicencio Alvarado, Luis Fernando; Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Clavijo Castillo, Ruth Germania; Mora Oleas, Janeth Catalina
This descriptive and correlational study has a quantitative approach. This research is based on the need to identify the acceptance dimension -parental rejection for the positive exercise of paternity. The objective of this research was to determine how the dimensions of affection, rejection, and parental control relate to family typologies, age, gender and level of education of parents. The Rohner Parent Parq/Control survey was applied to 569 parents, whose children attend public and private schools of Cuenca,from first to seventh grade, and the Rohner & Khaleque Parent Parq/Control questionnaire (2005) was applied. In the statistical analysis, in addition to descriptive values, nonparametric statistical tests were used. The results indicated that parents fromCuenca to frequently display affection and control, and barely express indifference, aggression and rejection. Also, it was found that affection and indifference do not depend on gender, age or level of education of parents. In addition, the study revealed that aggression, rejection and control are more common in parents who are under 36 years old. Parents that only attended primary school tend to express more control than the rest. Furthermore, affection is mostly displayed in nuclear families, whereas aggression, indifference, rejection and control are present in all the studied families. In conclusion, regardless of sociodemographic factors, most parents manifest acceptance, affection and control towards their children
Aceptación-rechazo de padres y madres cuencanos relacionados a las características personales de los hijos entre 5 y 12 años
(Editor Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Clavijo Castillo, Ruth Germania; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Mora Oleas, Janeth Catalina; Villavicencio Alvarado, Luis Fernando; Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia; Clavijo Castillo, Ruth Germania
Parental acceptance-rejection, a dimension linked to child personality traits, is a construct studied both in the Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) developed by Rohner, and in the Model of Joint Construction. IPARTheory states that socialization is predicated on the child’s sense of acceptance-rejection emanating from the parents or other attachment figures. The Model of Joint Construction shows that parent-child relationships are bidirectional and that parenting behaviors are non-linear. A total of 569 parents, whose children attend public and private schools in Cuenca, from first to seventh grade, participated in this study. For the statistical analysis, age, sex, birth order, and behavior of their children were analyzed in order to assess their relation to the dimensions of affection, rejection and parental control. Overall, the results indicated that parents tend to see themselves as affectionate and highly controlling. Parental aggressiveness is more common towards male children (m=8.77) compared to female children (m=8.36). On the other hand, parental control is more common towards female children (m=16.0) compared to male children (m=15.4). With regards to birth order, the findings revealed that there tends to be less affection and more indifference shown towards the middle child. Furthermore, age in and of itself did not seem to substantially influence the dynamics of affection, rejection and parental control.
Acoso escolar en estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa del Milenio Francisco Febres Cordero en la ciudad de Cuenca, período 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-03) Lozado Rojas, Freddy Rodrigo; Narváez Segovia, Israel Giuspe; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Bullying is defined as the aggressive behavior of a student or a group towards another student repeatedly and constantly, using physical, verbal, psychological and social violence in order to harm the integrity of the other. This investigation aimed to describe bullying in high school students of the Francisco Febres Cordero Millennium Educational Unit in the city of Cuenca, period 2022. The study has a quantitative approach, a non-experimental - cross-sectional design, and a descriptive scope. The participants were 230 students with age X̅ 16.32. The adapted version of Mauricio Herrera-López of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) was applied, which allows identifying bullying and a sociodemographic record that characterized the participants. To carry out the data analysis, the SPSS v.25 program was used, identifying that 32.3% of the participants were in situations of bullying, with a predominance of victims with 18.3%; in addition, concerning sociodemographic variables, greater harassment was recorded in the second year of baccalaureate and was more common in men than women. It can be concluded, of the selected sample, 156 (67.8%) adolescents do not engage in bullying, and 74 (32.2%) identify with one of the roles of either victim, aggressor or aggressor victimized.
Actitudes homofóbicas y lesbofóbicas en estudiantes de Psicología General de la Universidad de Cuenca
(2019-06-21) Muñoz García, Karen Catalina; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Homophobia constitutes any act of aversion, which includes rejection and / or fear of gay and lesbian people. In Latin America, manifestations of this phenomenon have been identified in university environments, negatively impacting the population of homosexual students (Rosales, 2016). The objective of this research was to describe the homophobic and lesbophobic attitudes present in the students of the first cycle of the General Psychology Career at the University of Cuenca. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach involving 147 students. Sociodemographic variables were explored through a data sheet designed for this study and the "Modern Homophobia Scale (MHS-G)" was applied by Raja and Stokes (1998), validated in Colombia by Rodríguez et al. (2013). In a larger percentage of the student population it is shown that there are no homophobic attitudes towards gays and lesbians but as relevant results were obtained that among the dimensions included in the instrument to define homophobic and lesbophobic attitudes, it was identified that "personal discomfort and institutional homophobia" are the most representative among the students. The women participating in the study turned out to be more lesbophobic than the men. The majority of self-defined heterosexual students show an ‘Indifferent Attitude’ towards homophobia. A finding of this study is the high percentage of students with ‘Attitude indifferent’ to homophobia oriented to both gays and lesbians.
Actitudes, conocimientos y prácticas docentes sobre educación inclusiva en las Unidades Educativas del Milenio Sayausí y Carlos Rigoberto Vintimilla, parroquias rurales de Cuenca, periodo 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-08-13) Ortega Ortiz, Lizbeth Estefania; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Inclusive education aims to ensure access, retention, and participation for all students, regardless of their personal, social, or cultural conditions. This approach promotes educational equity by valuing diversity as an opportunity for learning and coexistence. Previous research has shown that teachers' knowledge, attitudes and practices are key factors in the effective implementation of this model. In this context, the present study aimed to describe the attitudes, knowledge, and practices related to inclusive education among teachers at the Millennium Educational Units Sayausí and Carlos Rigoberto Vintimilla, located in rural parishes of Cuenca, during the 2025–2026 period. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. A total of 80 teachers participated in the study, and the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Scale (CAP Scale) was applied. The results showed that teachers had an adequate understanding of the theoretical foundations of inclusive education, but limited knowledge of specific regulations such as the PIAR and Ministerial Agreement 00089-A. Regarding attitudes, a positive disposition was identified toward adapting the teaching process and recognizing different learning paces. In the practical dimension, the use of diversified strategies and flexible assessment criteria was observed. It is concluded that continuous training and improved pedagogical resources are essential to strengthen and consolidate equitable and high-quality inclusive education.
Alfabetización digital y sharenting en padres e hijos adolescentes de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-02-19) Molina Vazquez, Daysi Valeria; Hidalgo Moyano, Melissa Anabel; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Objectives and Scope: This study aims to describe digital literacy and sharenting practices among parents and adolescent children in Cuenca, Ecuador. It also compares parents’ sharenting behaviors with their children’s perceptions and analyzes digital literacy levels in both groups based on technological characteristics. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive- comparative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected using the EU Kids Online 2020 survey and the Survey on Activities, Mediation, Opportunities, and Online Risks for Minors in the Era of Media Convergence. The dataset was processed and analyzed using RStudio. Results: The most prevalent digital competencies among parents were social skills (26.74%), whereas adolescents exhibited greater proficiency in mobile-related skills (22.31%). Regarding sharenting, a significant proportion of parents (74.65%) engaged in this practice, primarily driven by the desire to stay connected with family and friends (59.15%). Conclusions: The findings highlight a strong presence of sharenting in Cuenca, closely linked to digital literacy levels. The study also identifies areas of limited digital competency among both parents and adolescents.
Autoconcepto del adolescente según sus características sociodemográficas y de los progenitores
(2021) Morales Quizhpi, Juana Agustina; Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Bienestar mental en tiempos de pandemia
(Editorial Universitaria Abya-Yala, 2021) Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Competencias parentales vinculares y formativas para el desarrollo socioafectivo y aprendizaje de niños de 6 a 7 años de la ciudad de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-09-04) Gordón Saquinaula, Jorge Santiago; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between parental bonding and formative competencies in 471 mothers and fathers with 6 to 7-year-old children attending public and private schools in Cuenca city, Ecuador. The study employed a quantitative, non- experimental, and correlational approach. The positive parenting scale (E20 v.2) was used to measure parental competencies. The results showed a negative correlation between bonding and formative competencies with the age of the participants; as the participants’ age increased, there was a lower presence of parental competencies and vice versa. Mothers had higher scores than fathers, but there were no significant differences in parenting based on gender. The parental practices used by the parents were focused on recognizing emotional situations and environmental care for both boys and girls. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of positive parenting in developing personal and academic abilities in children. Additionally, establishing meaningful bonds and a stimulating environment contributes to the development of healthy behaviors and relationships, as well as fostering academic abilities.
Competencias socioemocionales desde el modelo de Covitalidad y su relación con el uso de contenido sexual en adolescentes de instituciones públicas de Cuenca
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Psicología, 2026-03-10) Lima Matute, Keyli Mishell; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
In today’s digital landscape, the use of information and communication technology has become an essential component of adolescent development, offering meaningful opportunities for socialization and learning. However, it also exposes youth to risks such as access to sexual content. In this context, it is crucial to examine the socio-emotional competencies involved in managing these risks. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-emotional competencies based on the Covitality model and the use of sexual content among adolescents in Cuenca, Ecuador. Employing a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, correlational design with a sample of 717 students aged 12 to 17 years (M = 15; SD = 2) from public secondary schools in Cuenca. The study employed the EU Kids Online survey (Garmendia et al., 2019), applied in 19 European and 4 Latin American countries, and the Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (Furlong et al., 2020). Results showed that overall Covitality was negatively associated with both the reception (rs = –.375) and the general use (rs = –.350) of sexual content, but not with executing this practice. Additionally, the competencies of Belief in Self and Engaged Living exhibited significant correlations. In conclusion, socio-emotional competencies can act as protective factors against the consumption of sexual content among adolescents, underscoring the importance of promoting Covitality as a resource for safer and more adaptive digital use.
Conducta parental: aceptación - rechazo y control parental hacia hijos diagnosticados con cáncer en Cuenca
(2019-05-08) Barbecho Palacios, Guadalupe Alexandra; Jimbo Jimbo, María Fernanda; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Parental behavior is a continuum that ranges from acceptance to rejection throughout the life-long timeline of the parent-child relationship. This behavior manifests verbally, physically, or symbolically and is used by parents to demonstrate their feelings toward their children (Rohner, Khaleque and Cournoyer, 2012). This study describes the parental behavior of parents according to acceptance, rejection, and control toward children diagnosed with cancer. This study is based on the theory IPARTheory (Rohner, Khalenque, & Cournoyer, 2005), which compares various sociodemographic factors of parents, children, and stages of treatment. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive and cross-sectional scope, using an adaptation of the Parent Parq / Control questionnaire by Ronher and Carrasco (2014) and a sociodemographic sheet designed to help answer our proposed objectives. We worked with 62 parents of children diagnosed with cancer who receive support from organizations or foundations in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. In the statistical analysis we ascertained that parents are perceived as emotional and controlling and that there is a low manifestation of rejection and indifference towards children with cancer. It was also found that parents are more accepting of daughters and are more aggressive with sons. In addition, this study found that mothers tend to manifest expressions of aggression and control with their sons and daughters who are in the advanced treatment phase and that the parents are more aggressive and indifferent when their children are receiving alternative treatments. It shows a high tendence to the effect and control independently sociodemographic factors sex, civil status and parent’s education levels. So too, sex, phases of treatment and type of tratment of children diagnosed with cáncer.
Consolidación de destrezas con criterio de desempeño en primero de EGB
(2013) Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia; Torres Valverde, Blanca Alejandro; Pesántez Palacios, María Dolores
This research "Skills Consolidation withperformance criteria for First year of General Basic" (GBE), analyzes the cognitive development applied to two groups: a) study groupand b) control group through role playsand curricular domains. To accomplish thispurpose, it was usedDra.MercedesEsteva Boronat values scale, and the record of skillswithperformance of criteria. These recordswere hierarchized according to the First YearCurriculum General Basic Education.These instruments were appliedto19 studentsin the study groupand15 studentsin the control group. The participants of this research were the same participants who participated with RIERA y VINTIMILLAexperimental group. This study was carried outin the CornelioCrespo School, Huizhil - Baños, Cuenca city. It helped to confirm that cognitive developmentachieved byrole plays facilitated theconsolidation of the skillswithperformance of criteria. Finally, there are somealternativesthat activatetherole playsinthe classroomand support the development skills.
Covitalidad en la adolescencia: el rol de las habilidades socioemocionales en hijos únicos de Cuenca, Ecuador
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Psicología, 2026-03-17) Santander Medina, Nube Lisbeth; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Covitality, understood as the set of socioemotional competencies that support emotional regulation and the development of healthy interpersonal relationships, constitutes a key indicator of psychological well-being in adolescents. However, little is known about how these skills manifest in only children, a group whose socialization dynamics may differ due to the lack of daily sibling interactions, potentially influencing their psychosocial development. In light of this gap, the present study aimed to describe the levels of covitality, its domains, and socioemotional skills in only-child adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.65; SD = 1.50) from educational institutions in Cuenca, Ecuador. The research employed a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, and a descriptive, cross-sectional scope. The sample comprised 451 only-child adolescents from public, private, and government-assisted schools. Data collection instruments included the Social Emotional Health Survey–Secondary (SEHS S) (Furlong et al., 2018) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results indicated average (35.7%) and high (24.6%) levels of covitality, with the highest scores observed in the domains of Emotional Competence and Engaged Life. Furthermore, significant differences in socioemotional skills were identified according to sociodemographic variables, with higher scores among females (p < .001), older adolescents, and those from single-parent and extended families. Overall, the findings suggest that most only-child adolescents exhibit adequate socioemotional skills that promote adaptation and psychological functioning, thereby contributing to their overall well-being.
Creencias parentales sobre la crianza de los hijos: características de padres e hijos, aceptación -rechazo y control parental en Cuenca, Ecuador
(2017) Clavijo Castillo, Ruth Germania; Villavicencio Alvarado, Luis Fernando; Mora, Catalina; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
In the socialization of children, families are likely to be influenced by the society and also by previous generations. Parents apply relational strategies in a dynamic and circular way in order to raise their children. The objective of this study is to determine the beliefs of parents regarding their own parental characteristics, the behavior of their children during their upbringing and their relation to acceptance, rejection and parental control. The participants - a total of 569 parents - were selected from 20 private and public schools located in Cuenca-Ecuador, where their children currently attend. The study responds to a quantitative approach at the descriptive-correlational level. For this study, The Rohner Parent Parq/Control 2005 survey and 12 criteria items on the beliefs of parents about child-rearing, were applied. The results indicate that there is hardly any relation between the criteria items concerning the beliefs of parents about the characteristics of their children, and affection and rejection. However, parents from Cuenca perceive themselves as affectionate. Regarding the characteristics of parents, significant differences in their responses were found: during childhood, the participating fathers perceived more affection from their parents than the participating mothers did. In addition, fathers - more than mothers do - believe that there should be more control over their daughters than over their sons. Lastly, in most cases, fathers are the ones who create the rules in the house and believe that children must obey them.
Estilos de afrontamiento ante el estrés empleados por estudiantes de la Universidad para personas adultas mayores en Cuenca, periodo 2022 – 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-18) Gallardo Apolo, Omar David; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
A coping style is a habitual pattern of behavior that people use to handle stressful or challenging situations. It is the way each individual faces the problems and difficulties of life. In late adulthood, physical, psychological, and social changes occur, which can generate stress. Therefore, to achieve adequate psychosocial adjustment, older adults adopt coping styles such as religion, problem-focused coping, avoidance, etc. This research aims to describe the stress coping styles used by students at the University for Older Adults in Cuenca (UPAM), determine the predominant coping strategies based on each style, and identify the styles used according to sociodemographic characteristics. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and a descriptive scope. Forty-four UPAM students aged between 65 and 79 years (X̅ = 69 years) participated in the study. The Stress Coping Questionnaire was administered. The results showed that the coping style used the most by the participants to deal with stress was problem-focused coping (M = 24.54), followed by religion (M = 23.04), and the least used was open emotional expression (M = 12.6). In conclusion, according to the objectives set out, UPAM students make greater use of problem-focused coping styles. To highlight that the use of appropriate coping strategies can have a significant impact on the mental and physical health of older adults.
Estrategias de afrontamiento en mujeres víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar del Programa Municipal Casa de la Mujer en el periodo 2022-2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-07-14) Cabrera Solórzano, Rosa Ana; Campos Arias, Fernando Oswaldo; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Coping strategies are those psychological resources that the individual puts in place to cope with stressful situations. Women who are or have been victims of domestic violence sometimes lack coping strategies, which has physical, psychological and/or social repercussions. In view of this problem, the objective of this research was to describe the predominant factor of coping strategies according to the sociodemographic variables age, marital status and level of education used by women victims of domestic violence in the Municipal Project Casa de la Mujer in the period 2022- 2023. The research had a quantitative, non-experimental approach with a descriptive and crosssectional scope. The population consisted of 34 women from the Casa de la Mujer Municipal Program to whom the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) and a sociodemographic form were applied. The results showed that the predominant factor of coping strategies in women victims of domestic violence is desiderative thinking with a mean of 17.17. Regarding the sociodemographic characteristics, it was found that those with single marital status without a partner and those separated; aged 30 to 35 years and with incomplete high school have desiderative thinking and those with a postgraduate degree have problem avoidance. It can be concluded that women victims of domestic violence employ problem-focused strategies, which are considered to be maladaptive strategies.
Estrategias que los padres cuencanos utilizan para criar a sus hijos
(2016) Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Mora Oleas, Janeth Catalina; Villavicencio Alvarado, Luis Fernando
Estudio sobre la ideología de masculinidad en estudiantes varones universitarios de Cuenca
(2018) Orellana Palacios, María Mercedes; Yanza Chasi, Nelly Guillermina; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
The traditional masculinity ideology defends the power of man over woman, who is conceived as fragile and in need of help, and where the man is the one who makes decisions and has authority; this can be generated due to the cultural imposition of this traditional ideology. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to describe the general range of support to the traditional masculinity ideology in male students at the University of Cuenca; for this, a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design of descriptive type with transversal cut was used. The selected sample for the study was of 365 male students, and a probabilistic stratified random sampling with proportional affixation was also considered. The instrument was the Male Role Norm Inventory – Revised (Levant et., 2007), in its Spanish version which measures the support to the ideology of traditional masculinity regarding seven subscales. The study results revealed that the majority of students present themselves as “indifferent” towards the traditional masculinity ideology in an 83%, an 11% rejects such ideology and a 6% supports it. There is no significant evidence among socio-demographic variables such as age, civil status and place of residence, but there is a difference among schools. In light of the findings it can be concluded that the male students at the University of Cuenca are considered as indifferent to the traditional masculinity ideology
Funciones cognitivas: atención y memoria, y niveles de comprensión lectora en adolescentes drogodependientes
(2019-07-09) Cabrera Cabrera, Narcisa de Jesús; Cortez Nájera, Ana Belén; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia
Drug addiction in adolescents is a worldwide problem, it has been defined as a psychic and sometimes physical state caused by the interaction between the consuming subject and the drug, characterized by the presence of an uncontrollable desire to continue with the consumption, a tendency to increase the dose and an appearance of physical and / or psychic dependence. The abuse of a substance generates dependency, which implies difficulties at the cognitive level, affecting the areas of attention and memory, basic functions for the development of reading comprehension, which is mediated by various skills and cognitive processes. The objective of the study was to describe the neurocognitive alterations of attention and memory, and levels of reading comprehension in drug-dependent adolescents. The study corresponds to a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design approach with a descriptive scope. We worked with 30 teenagers, between 12 and 16 years old, with an X ̅ 15.5 of the therapeutic center ‘Hogar Crecer’ of the parish Checa. Were applied to the participants a sociodemographic record, Neuropsi Atención y Memoria and PROLEC-SE, instruments of this study. In the most relevant results, it was found that adolescents in the attention and memory presented a severe alteration around these variables at a general level; while in the reading comprehension test, most adolescents presented difficulties.
Guía práctica para padres: cómo criar a nuestros hijos
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2017) Mora Oleas, Janeth Catalina; Conforme Zambrano, Elsa Gardenia; Arpi Peñaloza, Nube del Rocio; Villavicencio Alvarado, Luis Fernando; Palacios Madero, María Dolores; Clavijo Castillo, Ruth Germania