Browsing by Author "Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali"

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Estructura del pastizal, producción de leche y emisión de metano en vacas lecheras en pastoreo
(2021) Ortuño Barba, Carlos Luis; Faican Faican, Rosa Paola; Carangui Quintuña, Angel Bernardo; Cabrera Vazquez, Luis Geovanny; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Angamarca Padilla, María Alexandra; Patiño Puma, Paola Andrea; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Null; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael
The research was carried out at the IrquisExperimental Farm belonging to the University of Cuenca, Azuay province, Ecuador, at 2,663 meters above sea level with the following coordinates 1773890 E and 9659302 N, it is temperate climate, temperature between 8 and 14 ° C, relative humidity 80% and a rainfall of 639 mm / year. The research was carried out during 16 weeks, between the months of December 2018 to March 2019. The animal response was determined as milk production based on three botanical composition patterns, with a predominance of Kikuyo, in another with a predominance of Ryegrass and in another with an Association of these and White Clover. The structure of the grasslands was determined. The availability of forage was similar between the different types of grasslands, due to the time of study and that the components measured in the grassland had a compensatory effect, likewise the utilization in the Kikuyo pastures and the Ryegrass-Treból Association was better compared to Ryegrass. Milk production was higher in Kikuyo, most likely due toits better structure.
Ganancias de peso vivo en novillas que pastan Kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) fertilizado con pollinaza
(2019) Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J.; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Atzori, Alberto S.; Molina Molina, Elsa; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Aguirre de Juana, Angel Javier; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect on the Kikuyo pasture and the growth of Holstein vaconas of different doses of Pollinaza as organic fertilizer. The work was carried out in a dairy system of 21.6 ha in the province of Cotopaxi in Ecuador, located at 2º 13' North and 78º 24'W at 2651 masl. Rainfall averages 1103 mm I year and temperatures between 14-21 oC. The research compared three levels of organic fertilization with pollinaza (O, 50 and 100 kg/ha/year, represented as FO, F50 and F100) in pastures of Kikuyo Heifers of 210 kg of live weight were used and the conception of the work was like a system to generate animals ready for reproduction. The fertilizers were applied manually in each season for the highest doses. Dry sprinkler irrigation was applied. Rational grazing was used for the delivery of two grass I day strips. The rest time was 21-28 days throughout the period. Balanced supplementation was used at a rate of 1 kg I per heifer I day. Own cut forage was used. The botanical composition was determined. The dry matter availabilites were determined with 1O frames per pasture and 30 height observations. The average vaconas gains, final weight and expenses I vacona ($) were measured, differences were found (p <0.05) in favor of the F100 treatment and its population increases to 93.7% and its biomass production was higher. The weight increases in vaconas were favorable to the treatment with F1OO. The animals that pastured the most fertilized pastures with Pollinaza showed better consumption of grass and grassland condition greater weight gains and weights at the end of the test than the animals that grazed the less fertilized with pollinaza.
Milk production of grazing cows in kikuyo (pennisetum clandestinum, ex chiov) fertilized with poultry manure
(2021) Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Garzón Jarrín, Rafael Alfonso; Molina, Elsa
Background. The use of organic fertilization on grasslands is an option on the biological, economic and environmental sense. Objective. In order to evaluate the poultry manure applied as a fertilizer in Kikuyo pastures (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) with grazing cows. Methodology. An experiment was carried out on a 21.6 ha farm in Ecuador, at 2° 13' and 78° 24' South and West, 2651 masl, rainfall of 1103 mm / year). Four fertilization levels corresponding to 0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha / year, respectively, and load of 1.22 AU / ha were used. Irrigation was applied in the dry season. 21-25 Holstein cows with 526 kg of LW were used. Lactation was of 272 days. The time of occupation of a day and time of rest of 21-28 days. The concentrate offered was 0.4 kg / cow. The persistence of the pastures (%) and their yield per rotation in t ms / ha were determined. Heights and density and samples for dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (%) were estimated. Milk/cow production data were recorded. ANOVA was used. Costs of the kg of milk produced were determined. Results. The significant differences (p <0.05) were in F150, where the pasture increased up to 83% and the milk produced surpassed (p <0.05) the other treatments. Implications. The treatment with the best response for grass and milk production was considered a positive reference to be recommended for producers in the zone. Conclusions. The contribution of 150 kg of manure + 50 kg / N2 / ha as urea, influenced in a higher nutrient intake, increased pasture persistence, yield and nutritional quality, with direct effects on the dairy response and reduced costs / kg of milk.
Milk production of grazing cows in kikuyo (pennisetum clandestinum, ex chiov) fertilized with poultry manure
(2021) Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Molina, Elsa; Garzón Jarrín, Rafael Alfonso; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Lascano Armas, Paola J; Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago
Background. The use of organic fertilization on grasslands is an option on the biological, economic and environmental sense. Objective. In order to evaluate the poultry manure applied as a fertilizer in Kikuyo pastures (Pennisetum clandestinum, Ex Chiov) with grazing cows. Methodology. An experiment was carried out on a 21.6 ha farm in Ecuador, at 2° 13' and 78° 24' South and West, 2651 masl, rainfall of 1103 mm / year). Four fertilization levels corresponding to 0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha / year, respectively, and load of 1.22 AU / ha were used. Irrigation was applied in the dry season. 21-25 Holstein cows with 526 kg of LW were used. Lactation was of 272 days. The time of occupation of a day and time of rest of 21-28 days. The concentrate offered was 0.4 kg / cow. The persistence of the pastures (%) and their yield per rotation in t ms / ha were determined. Heights and density and samples for dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber (%) were estimated. Milk/cow production data were recorded. ANOVA was used. Costs of the kg of milk produced were determined. Results. The significant differences (p <0.05) were in F150, where the pasture increased up to 83% and the milk produced surpassed (p <0.05) the other treatments. Implications. The treatment with the best response for grass and milk production was considered a positive reference to be recommended for producers in the zone. Conclusions. The contribution of 150 kg of manure + 50 kg / N2 / ha as urea, influenced in a higher nutrient intake, increased pasture persistence, yield and nutritional quality, with direct effects on the dairy response and reduced costs / kg of milk.
Physical-productive characterization and typologies of diversified dairy systems in the highlands of Ecuador
(2020) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Arcos Álvarez, Fernando Raúl; Beltrán Romero, Cristian Fernando; Soria Parra, Manuel Elías; Bravo Álvarez, María Ximena; Machuca Machuca, Diana Angélica; Guerrero Paredes, Fabián Manuel
The objective of this work was to characterize and establish a typology of Cotopaxi cattle systems in the northern Sierra region of Ecuador. The data were collected through direct surveys of 212 farmers and reflect the main technical, economic and productive aspects of the farms. The typology was established using multivariate analytical techniques. Cluster analysis revealed four groupings. Group I, defined as Small Family Farms (GPF), Group II, as Family Farms Farms (GMF), Group III, as Technified Family Farms Farms (GMFT) and Group IV, as Very Small Family Farms (GMPF). An ANAVA was applied. The evaluation indicated important differences in the group farms, despite the fact that they are developed in the same agroclimatic environment, operate in the same markets and also have similar information. The result is a varied universe of situations with significant variations between medium and small systems. By scale and by reason of their areas dedicated to livestock and crops and their productive and efficiency results measured as income for each activity and level of expenditure.
Problemas de rentabilidad económica y eficiencia técnica en sistemas ganaderos de Ecuador
(2019) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Velasco Heras, Cristina Isabel; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Narváez Terán, Jhonny Alfredo; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Garzon Jarrin, Rafael Alfonso; Atzori, Alberto Stanislao; Aguirre de Juana, Ángel Javier; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; García Zumalacarregui, Jorge Alejandro
This systematic review of the literature integrates the findings of existing studies on profitability and technical efficiency (TS) in dairy farms, a classification of the previous literature that provides the basis for the synthesis. We systematically reviewed 63research studies with surveys with rigorous procedures. The revision is applied to the investigation of the published survey. The socio-economic environmental context is linked, the inputs to the system and the products with the variables that measure efficiency. There was no agreement between the authors on the context and the determinants of ET and EEs. The main determinants were the geographical location, the size of the farm, investments in veterinary care, feeding and milking practices and techniques for estimating the ET, public policies and variables related to management. The implications for milk producers and researchers close the review. A relevant characteristic that emerges from the literature is the lack of consensus regarding the measurement techniques and determinants of ET, which remains an open debate. The fact that the data was collected over a period of almost 30 years in all continents, reinforces the probability of heterogeneity between the samples and this could be a strong argument in favor of changes in the efficiency and to generate an exploratory discussion based on evidences of the studies and not fail to take into account the factors discussed here
Producción de leche como respuesta a la fertilización y riego en ganaderías de ecosistemas andinos en Ecuador.
(2018) Guevara Viera, Raúl Victorino; Nieto Escandón, Pedro Emilio; Torres Inga, Carlos Santiago; Guevara Viera, Guillermo Emilio; Aguilar Valladares, Yolanda Mercedes; Serpa García, Víctor Guillermo; Once Yanza, Mariela Alexandra; López Alvarado, Diego Andrés; Ayala Guanga, Luis Eduardo; Murillo Apolo, Yury Agapito; Lascano Armas, Paola Jael; Arcos Álvarez, Cristian Neptali; Carmilema Asmal, Johny Fernando; Curbelo Rodríguez, Lino Miguel
In order to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and irrigation applications on milk production in Andean farms in Ecuador, a study was carried out on 535 farms with an altitude of 2550 m and temperatures between 7 and 25 ° C in montane ecosystems (Montano, Montano Alto and Montano Low). Factors such as fertilization and irrigation and the production of milk with a botanical composition of Ryegrass - Kikuyo as grasses and Clover White and Red as legumes were considered. The milk production was taken from the records corresponding to the day after the occupation of the paddock. A simple ADEVA was applied within each ecosystem. The dry matter availability of the grass was between 1.65 t / ha in Montano Bajo and 2.81 t / ha in Montano Alto. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in milk yields in Montano and Montano Alto with fertilized pastures (6.5 and 9.7 kg / cow) compared to lower values in non - fertilized. In relation to irrigation effects, significant differences (P <0.05) were in favor of sprinkler irrigation in Montano and Montano Alto with 8.7 and 10.8 kg / cow and higher values in production / ha. It was concluded that the responses in milk yield to fertilizer and sprinkler irrigation were significant (P <0.05) in the Montano and Montano Alto ecosystems compared to Low Montano, with values between 6,5 and 8,7 and 9,7 and 10 , 8 kg / cow / day and higher yields per area, explained by the greater availability of dry matter of the pasture in both ecosystems as an effect of applied agro technical activities