Fonoaudiología-Pregrado

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Análisis acústico de la voz en los docentes de la Unidad Educativa Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón, ciudad de Cuenca septiembre 2023-febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Córdova Jaramillo, Priscila Cecibel; Loarte Abad, Anna Cristina; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The main mechanism of human interrelation is the voice, for teachers, their voice is the instrument they use to work. However, as they perform their duties, they know very little about how to care of their voice. Therefore, to analyze the vocal parameters of the acoustic signal of this age group, the Praat program was applied. Objective: To determine the acoustic parameters of the voice of teachers at Manuela Garaicoa de Calderon School in the city of Cuenca, September 2023-February 2024. Methodology: Descriptive and cross- sectional study to determine the acoustic parameters of the voice of teachers at Manuela Garaicoa de Calderón School. The Praat program was used to obtain the acoustic parameters of the voice. Results were obtained through data analysis using SPSS v29. Results: The sample was 81 teachers, of which females predominated (70.4%). Age range was 36-45 years (28.4%). Years of teachingwork:11-15 years predominated (19.8%), followed by 6-10 (18.5%) and 25-30 years (18.5%) Finally, the educational stage that predominated was secondary education (46.9%) The Praat program reported that the most normal parameter was HNR (92.6%) and the most altered was Shimmer (69.1%) Conclusion: Shimmer was the most affected acoustic parameter in the teacher population
Análisis de las características vocales en entrenadores de escuelas privadas de fútbol en Cuenca, septiembre 2024 a enero 2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-21) Guerra Verdugo, Johmayra Samantha; Segarra Brito, Daniela Estefanía; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The voice is an essential tool for the soccer coach, as it is a key means of communication. Incorrect use of tone and intensity during training and competitions can affect its functioning, which generates vocal problems that affect communication and therefore job performance. Objective: To determine the vocal characteristics in coaches of private soccer schools. Cuenca, 2024 - 2025. Methodology: the sample consisted of 50 soccer coaches from private schools in Cuenca, a questionnaire was applied in order to know the coaches' voice history (Annex 3), and phonoaudiological tests: Voice Handicap Index (Annex 4), in addition, the PRAAT program. Results: descriptive study carried out with 50 soccer coaches from private schools in the city of Cuenca, obtaining a 99% male dominance, the average age of the population is between 20 and 30 years old. Through the use of subjective and objective evaluations of the voice, in which it was observed that there is a higher prevalence of mild vocal alteration (72%) in the physical level (70%) in the VHI, in the PRAAT program nonpathological results were obtained in shimmer (60%) and jitter (56%). Conclusion: the results of the present study allowed us to determine the acoustic characteristics such as Jitter Shimmer and fundamental frequency of the population group studied, which served as a pillar for the formulation and use of strategies for a more efficient and effective treatment of the VHI.
Autopercepción vocal de los docentes de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Cuenca en las áreas de Ciencias de la Vida y Sociales. Cuenca. 2025 - 2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-18) Salazar Uzho, Silvia Mishell; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: University teachers' vocal perception is essential for addressing the frequency of vocal disorders. Various studies show that many teachers are unaware of their vocal function and self-perception, and often underestimate the severity of their voice problems. Inaccurate self-perception, coupled with improper vocal use, can negatively impact long-term professional well-being. Objective: To determine the vocal self-perception of teachers at the Salesian Polytechnic University in Cuenca in the areas of Life and Social Sciences in the period 2025- 2026. Methods: A descriptive-transversal study was conducted with 85 teachers in the Life and Social Sciences areas, in which a survey was administered to collect data, and a subjective evaluation, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30), was performed. The results were analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 85 teachers surveyed, the majority were female (57.6%, 49), while males accounted for 42.4% (36). In the VHI-30 assessment, the prevalence is 49.5% for mild vocal impairment and 3.5% for severe vocal impairment. The subscale with the highest prevalence is the emotional subscale, at 53.1%, compared with the functional subscale at 48.2%. Conclusions: The findings confirmed a higher percentage of mild vocal alteration, predominantly in females, with greater alteration on the emotional scale.
Características acústicas de la voz en adultos mayores jubilados IESS - Cuenca, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-27) Angamarca Caldas, Flor del Rocio; Quilambaqui Iñiguez, Ligma Irene; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The human voice is an essential tool for communication as it transmits emotions and opinions. In older adults, this ability deteriorates due to physiological aging. Objective: To determine the acoustic characteristics of the voice in IESS retires older adults in Cuenca in 2024-2025. Methodology: The universe comprised 165 patients. The collection of the acoustic characteristics of the voice was made through a structured survey, which included demographic variables (age, sex, residence, marital status, work/occupation) and independent variables (vocal habits and concomitant diseases). Likewise, the following speech-language pathology batteries were used: Perceptual voice scale (GRBAS), Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and speech analysis in phonetics (PRAAT). Result: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Results reported 47.3% older adults with vocal alteration 52.7% older adults without vocal alteration; this alteration was more common in females (67.9%).
Cualidades vocales de los locutores del Círculo de Periodistas Deportivos del Azuay, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-12) Narváez Márquez, Jessica Cecibel; Ordóñez Arévalo, Daysi Valeria; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The voice is an essential tool for the performance of announcers, since they use it for entertainment, narration, and advertising. Therefore, they have to face a high vocal demand for long time, and thus they are considered a target group that requires subjective and objective speech therapy evaluation. Objectives: To determine the vocal qualities of the announcers of the Sports Journalists' Association of Azuay, 2024-2025. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Sample: The universe comprised 65 announcers from the Sports Journalists Association of Azuay, in which a systematized (closed) survey and objective and subjective evaluation instruments were implemented. Data was tabulated using IBM SPSS 22. Results: Most of the 65 announcers were males (93.85%) and the most common age range was 46 to 55 years, which represented 40% of the sample. With the use of VHI speech and language therapy, the highest prevalence was mild (97%); GRBAS: most participants showed mild alterations in sections grade 69.23%; hoarseness, 58.46%; asthenia, 47.70%, and breathy voice, 60% in tense voice. 80% did not change, while 20% showed mild affectation. Pratt: abnormalities were identified, mainly in HNR (80%), followed by Jitter (43.08%), Shimmer (38.46%), NHR (32.31%), and fundamental frequency (13.85%). Conclusion: Research showed higher prevalence of voice misuse in male coaches and mild alteration in the vocal qualities of sports announcers. Expected results: Vocal cord dysfunction in the Sports Journalists' Association of Azuay.
Detección de trastornos deglutorios en adultos mayores del Centro Geriátrico “Los Jardines” de Cuenca, septiembre 2023- febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Oyervide Pesántez, Andrea Fernanda; Vélez Campoverde, Carol María; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Swallowing disorders are a condition that primarily affects the digestive system due to anatomical and physiological alterations of the organs and muscles that participate in the process. Detecting swallowing disorders in institutionalized older adult patients is of vital importance since it is a vulnerable population where this condition is more prevalent. According to reported statistical data, the frequency with which swallowing disorders occur is 16.5% in older adults worldwide and 5.40% at a local level. Objective: Detect swallowing disorders in older adults at the “Los Jardines” Geriatric Center in Cuenca 2023-2024. Methodological design: Descriptive-cross-sectional research that was carried out by applying the abbreviated Minimental test, EAT 10 and GUSS. Subsequently, a data matrix was created using SPSS version 22 software, and the central tendency analysis commonly used in cross-sectional studies was applied. Results: 49 Older Adults were included, predominantly female with 61.2% (30). The prevalent age was 75-84 years with 49% (24). Coexisting diseases, Senil Dementia predominated with 49% (24). The EAT-10 showed a higher prevalence at risk of suffering from swallowing disorders with 73.5% (36). In the GUSS test, mild dysphagia with low risk of aspiration predominated, at 36.7% (18). Conclusion: swallowing disorders were greater in females with the presence of mild dysphagia with low risk of aspiration
Estado auditivo de los estudiantes de clínica integral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca, agosto 2022-febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-14) Vázquez Romero, Efraín Ramiro; Viñansaca Cabrera, Silvia Sofia; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Auditory conditions due to prolonged exposure to loud noise generated by equipment used daily in the dental field may cause a variety of problems in the auditory system of professionals, altering the physiology of the ear and affecting their quality of life. General Objective: To know the hearing status of the students of the Faculty of Odontology of the University of Cuenca, who are taking or have taken the subject of Comprehensive Clinic, during the period August 2022, February 2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 73 odontology students. The noise level in the odonatological laboratory was measured using a sound level meter. Demographic data and audiometry results were recorded in a variable tab. The SPSS v25.0 program allowed data analysis and presentation of results. Results: The average noise level in the laboratory was 91,6 dB. Of the 73 odontological students, 65,8% were women. All reside in the urban area (Cuenca) and present normal otoscopy. Her age is 21-23 (79,5%) years old. Audiometry revealed that 84.9% had normal hearing, 13,7% mild unilateral conductive hearing loss on the right and 1,4% moderate unilateral sensorineural hearing loss on the right. Conclusion: Most of the participants did not experience hearing problems, however, the presence of an auditory diagnosis related to this risk factor was reported, where the evidence mentions that prolonged exposure to loud noise may become a problem in the future.
Estado auditivo en los trabajadores expuestos a ruido de la Empresa pública municipal ETAPA. Cuenca 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-03-02) Padilla Ortiz, Tatiana Katherine; Pinos Guzmán, Silvia Michelle; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Identifying workers' hearing status among those exposed to noise is essential to addressing the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss. Several studies have shown that workers are unaware of the progressive deterioration of their hearing, underestimating the effects of exposure to high noise levels and improper use of hearing protection. This lack of knowledge, combined with inadequate protection, contributes to an increase in occupational diseases that affect their work performance and have irreversible consequences for their hearing health. Therefore, evaluating hearing status and associated risk factors in this population is justified. Objective: To determine the hearing status of workers exposed to noise at the municipal public company ETAPA. Cuenca 2025-2026. Methods: Descriptive-transversal research, including workers exposed to noise in the specific areas of drinking water, sewerage, and sanitation at the municipal company Etapa Cuenca who sign the informed consent form and meet the inclusion criteria. A structured medical history was applied, including demographic variables, hearing risk factors, and use of protective equipment, and audiometric evaluations were performed. The data will be entered into a matrix and analyzed in the system to obtain an audiological diagnosis. Results: We expect to determine the hearing status of workers exposed to noise at the municipal public company ETAPA, identify the risks present in their work areas, and find a high frequency of users with hearing impairments through hearing analysis. Conclusions: ETAPA workers exposed to occupational noise have a prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss of 16.9%, related to prolonged exposure to high noise levels and the inappropriate use of hearing protectors. Recommendations: Strengthen the Hearing Conservation Program through practical training, monitoring the use of hearing protection, and reducing noise at the source.
Estado auditivo en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II de la Clínica España, 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-10) Cartagena Peñafiel, Lisseth Pamela; Quezada Bustamante, Jennifer Estefanía; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The auditory system is essential for the development of communication and for human social integration. Several studies found a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hearing loss due to the impact of its pathophysiology on the inner ear, which is related to various risk factors like time to diagnosis, duration, and severity of DM2. Objective: To determine the auditory status of patients featuring type 2 diabetes mellitus at Clinica España, in Cuenca, 2024-2025. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A sample of 75 patients with DM2 underwent an audiological record, otoscopy, and a pure-tone audiometry. Data were tabulated using IBM SPSS 15. Results: Out of 75 patients evaluated, the largest number corresponds to females, that is 61.3%, (46) while males accounted for 38.7% (29). In addition, the population between 56 and 60 years stands out. When analyzing the results of the pure-tone audiometry, 24% corresponds to normal hearing and 76% to hearing loss. Conclusions: It is evident that the population with DM2 presents different degrees of hearing loss.
Estado vocal de docentes de la facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Odontología de la Universidad de Cuenca, septiembre 2023 - febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-11) Fajardo Tigre, Erick Alexander; Sangurima Illares, Bryam Steven; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: The state of vocal health of university teachers is fundamental for the development of their profession, when reviewing several researchs, it was found that a great part of them do not know their vocal condition and an appropriate hygiene for the care of their voice. The constant inappropriate use can cause pathological changes in the medium and long terms. Objective: To determine the vocal status of teachers of the Faculty of Medical Sciences and Dentistry of the University of Cuenca in the year 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A sample of 92 teachers from the faculties of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry participated the implementation of a structured survey and subjective tests such as the Voice Handicap Index and GRABSI. The data obtained were tabulated using the free version of the SPSS 22 program. Results: Of the 92 teachers surveyed, the largest number are female 53.3% (49), while male were 46.7% (43), 42.3% belong to Dentistry, this being the most prevalent among women with 18.4%. When analyzing the Voice Handicap Index, a prevalence of 73.3% in the emotional scale and 66.6% in the functional scale stands out, corresponding to a slight alteration, showing some difficulty during working hours. In the GRABSI scale, 64.1% are classified in the mild category in terms of intensity and 50% in degree, asthenic and blown. Conclusions: It is observed that university teachers lack proper vocal hygiene habits, highlighting the lack of awareness about how their voice can influence their professional activities
Estado vocal de los docentes del colegio “Militar Abdón Calderón de la ciudad de Cuenca”, durante el periodo agosto 2022- febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-16) Morales Huiracocha, Paulina del Rosario; Peña Sarmiento, Michelle Estefanía; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Voice is the indispensable means to exercise profesión, such as teaching, and is the leading work instrument. Its misuse can bring consequences to the voice, so teachers must know the basic rules of their care to avoid future repercussions for their work performance and quality of life. Objective: To determine the vocal status of teachers at the “Abdon Calderon” Military School in Cuenca from August 2022-February 2023. Methodological design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the vocal status of the teachers of the institution. A survey was used for data collection and informed consent, an the VHI test was applied. The data obtained were entered into a matrix and analyzed using the SPSS program, version 22. Results: 70 teachers were included, predominantly female with 81.1%, age range between 46-55 years with 35.7%, marital status was mainly married with 54.3%; residence was the urban area with 90%; level of academic training was master´s degree with 52.9%; years of teaching were 6-10 years and 21-25 years and 26-30 years with 20% respectively; the academic program taught was predominantly primary education with 45.7%, finally weekly teaching hours: 30 hours with 60%. The VHI test showed a higher prevalence of no vocal alteration at 78%, followed by mild with 14.3%. Conclusion: The vocal use of the teachers of the above-mentioned institution obtained a higher prevalence among females without verbal alteration, followed by a slight degree of voice alteration.
Evaluación audiológica en adultos con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en “La Casa de la Diabetes” Cuenca marzo – junio 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-23) Espinoza Quintuña, Mayra Raquel; Maldonado Narváez, Eveling Thalía; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Abstract: The human ear is another of the organs affected by DM2, being linked to the development of sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: Determine the hearing status of adult patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in “La Casa de la Diabetes” Cuenca January – June 2023. Methodology: A descriptive - cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample of 290 patients with DM2, otoscopy and liminal tonal audiometry were performed. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS version 27 software. Results: Of the 290 participants, aged between 18 to 79 years, the predominant sex was female (61.72%), while males represented (38.28%), sensorineural hearing loss was the most predominant (42.41% ), of bilateral extension (40%), and mild degree OD (26.9%) and OI (25.5%), regarding the time of evolution of the disease, the range of 16 to 20 years (16.88%) stands out, this added Risk factors such as age, HTN and consumption of ototoxic drugs increase the probability of developing hearing deficiencies in DM2. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the prevalence of hearing loss in DM2 frequently occurs in patients over 40 years of age, with a correlation between age and years of evolution of the disease; The predominant loss is a mild bilateral sensorineural type with a characteristic decrease in the acute frequencies of 4,000 and 8,000 Hz.
Frecuencia de disfagia en adultos mayores de los geriátricos privados del cantón Cuenca, periodos 2025 - 2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-26) Gutiérrez Lozada, María José; Garaycochea Castillo, Cristina María; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Aging is a stage of life characterized by the progressive deteriorationof cognitive and physical abilities, increasing susceptibility to various pathologies. Amongtheseis dysphagia, defined as difficulty in passing food from the mouth to the stomach, a conditionthat can compromise the health of older adults by promoting episodes of aspirationand/or penetration. The objective of this research project was to determine the frequencyof dysphagia in older adults in private nursing homes in the canton of Cuenca during theperiod2025-2026. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Theinstruments used were the data collection form, the GUSS (Gugging SwallowingScreen) test, and sections of the MBGR (Orofacial Myofunctional Assessment) protocol. Thedatawere analyzed using SPSS 29.0 ( Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version2022. Results: The sample studied consisted of 81 older adults: 55.6% had mild dysphagia, 29.6%had moderate dysphagia, 6.2% had severe dysphagia, and 8.6% did not have dysphagia. The results obtained are consistent with previous research and demonstrate theneedtostrengthen early detection and timely intervention by speech therapists, in coordinationwiththe rest of the healthcare team and caregivers, in order to preserve the quality of lifeof thispopulation.
Prevalencia de alteraciones auditivas en adultos jóvenes que asisten a Gimnasios del cantón Cuenca. 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-18) Villa Barrera, María Emilia; Tapia Pesántez, Mery Alexandra; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: Frequent exposure to recreational noise in gyms, combined with prolonged use of headphones, is associated with the development of symptoms and potential auditory alterations in young adults. However, there is limited research on this topic in Cuenca. Objective: To identify the prevalence of auditory alterations in young adults who attend gyms in the canton of Cuenca during the 2025-2026 period. Methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four gyms in Cuenca. The sample consisted of 83 young adults aged 18 to 30 years. Data collection was carried out using a structured form, otoscopy, and audiometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 24. Results: Most participants were male (65.1%) and urban residents (86.7%). Exposure to gym noise for 22 months or more was reported by 49.4% of participants, with a daily duration of 1 to 2 hours in 54.2%, and headphone use for 24 months or more in 60.2%. The most prevalent symptom was tinnitus (32.5%). Audiometric findings showed 71.1% normal hearing, 28.9% mild hearing loss, and 18.1% presenting both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: Young adults who attend gyms in the canton of Cuenca experience prolonged exposure to noise and frequent auditory symptoms, primarily tinnitus. Although most maintain normal hearing, early auditory alterations particularly at high frequencies are evident, underscoring the importance of early detection and the promotion of hearing care.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia en adultos mayores que acudieron al área de audiología del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo enero 2015- enero 2020
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-07-23) Arévalo Calle, Tania Carolina; Rivera Perez, Dalia Thalia; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Hearing loss in the elderly is disabling when comprehensive care is not provided in a timely manner, which is why the prevalence of hearing loss is considered a public health problem. Hypoacusis is considered a public health problem, as it directly affects the communicative interaction with the environment, disturbing the cognitive and socioemotional functions of those who suffer from it. General objective: To determine the “Prevalence of hypoacusisin older adults who attended the audiology area of the Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo" January 2015- January2020. Methodology: A retrospective study of 1225 older adults who presented: adults who suffered of hypoacusis and came to the audiologyarea of the Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo was carried out, the data obtained was extracted from the clinical records and recorded in a data collection form that included the variables investigated, the necessary information was entered in the SPSS STATISTICS software version 15.0 where the data was analyzed. Results: Of 1225 older adults studied, the mean age was 76 years, males (58.20%) and urban area patients (67.30%) predominated. The highest prevalence of hearing loss was of mixed type (62%), moderate degree (55.70%) and bilateral extension (96%). The age predominated was 75-79 years old (9,71%). In 92.70% of the population studied there was no record of any type of treatment. Conclusion: The highest prevalence was Bilateral Moderate Mixed Hearing Loss with 37.30% corresponding to 457 older adults.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia en adultos que acudieron al centro auditivo “AUDIT”, agosto 2019 – diciembre 2020. Cuenca 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-27) Topon Criollo, Diana Alexandra; Tapia Illescas, Sandra Catalina; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Human hearing is responsible for perceiving the different sounds of the environment and speech; its alteration is known as hearing loss and can be caused by a defect in the external, middle, internal ear or in the acoustic pathways. General objective: Determine the prevalence of hearing loss in adults who attended the Auditory Center "AUDIT" from August 2019 to December 2020 in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a total of 118 adult patients who attended the Auditory Center "AUDIT", of the City of Cuenca, for which a review of the audiological medical records was made, the information was recorded in a data collection form, and the SPSS version 22 program was used. Results: 118 patients with hearing loss were registered, of which 69 were men and 49 women; According to age, there was a higher prevalence of hearing loss in patients between 42 and 65 years of age with 44 cases. According to the location, there was mostly bilateral Neurosensory Hearing Loss in both sexes, with moderate and mild degrees also predominant. Finally, according to risk factors, the most prevalent was noise exposure. Conclusions: There was a higher prevalence of hearing loss in people of middle adulthood and in terms of type, a higher prevalence of mild and moderate Neurosensory Hearing Loss for women and men respectively, in addition to a bilateral extension for both sexes.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial en pacientes con exposición a ruido laboral que acudieron al Centro Servicio Auditivo Social del cantón Gualaceo, período septiembre 2020 – septiembre 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-05-08) Gutiérrez Ávila, Jessenia Monserrath; Bermeo García, Karen Daniela; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background. Exposure to noise, equal to or greater than 85 dB, for a prolonged time causes damage to the ear, specifically in the hair cells and the cochlear membrane and leads to hearing loss; If exposure is continuous, the damage is progressive and may increase even after exposure ceases, since damage to the inner ear and auditory neural system is generally permanent. Objective. To determine by audiometry the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in patients with exposure to occupational noise who were evaluated at the Social Hearing Service Center of Gualaceo. Materials and methods. With a cross-sectional observational design, information was collected from the "NOAH Software System" database of people served in the period 2020 to 2022 who carried out activities under exposure to occupational noise and were evaluated by audiometry. With descriptive statistics and with the help of IBM-SPSS™ vers 22.0, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss and its distribution according to sociodemographic characteristics were calculated: age, sex, residence, education, occupation, time of exposure and audiometric characteristics. An association was sought with the time of exposure to noise, age and occupation, by calculation of OR CI95%. The values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. Resultados. Information from 250 audiometry tests performed on the same number of patients was analyzed, with a median age of 45.5 years (P25 35.5 – P75 55.5); males 81.6%; urban residence 57.5%; secondary education 64.8% and main occupations: mining (26.4%) and masonry (19.6%). There was hearing loss in 39.6% of the population and the prevalence of sensorineural was 30%; the majority were mild (19.6%) and moderate (13.6%) with 20.4% bilateral. There was a significant association between sensorineural hearing loss and exposure to occupational noise ≥ 10 years [OR 14,8; IC95%(7,7 – 28,5), < 0,001], Age over 50 years [OR 14,8; IC95%(7,7 – 28,5), < 0,001] and mining work [OR 14,8; IC95%(7,7 – 28,5), < 0,001]. Conclusions. In the association of sensorineural hearing loss with the time of exposure to occupational noise and other demographic factors, our results are consistent with the reports of the specialized literature. By identifying the conditions that contribute to the increased likelihood of sensorineural hearing loss, this information may be beneficial for implementing preventive strategies for the benefit of the National Health System.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia según audiometría tonal liminal en pacientes que acudieron al área de Audiología del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, Azogues, Enero-Diciembre del 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-03-28) Cárdenas Llivisaca, Adriana Gabriela; Piedra Tito, María Belén; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
Background: hearing loss is due to multiple etiologies, its prevalence is not determined in our environment and is not only consider a public health problem, but also affects human beings in the emotional, social, cognitive and physical spheres, therefore, its early audiological diagnosis would improve the quality of life of users; Official figures have been considered, such as the WHO, which reports that by the year 2050, it is expected that almost 2,500,000,000 people will have some degree of hearing loss and at least 700 million will require rehabilitation. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss according to liminal tone audiometry in patients who attended the Audiology area of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital, Azogues, period January-December 2021. Methodology: The descriptive - retrospective method was applied and the quantitative variables were analyzed with central tendency statistics (mean, median and mode) and the results are presented through tables, prepared in the SPSS software version 2022. Results: Men with (56.5%) have a higher prevalence of hearing loss, and the distribution by age showed a higher incidence in older adults (36.9%). Participants were mainly from urban areas (67.1%). Professionally, the majority were employees (51.5%). Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was more common (7.2%) than unilateral hearing loss (1.7%). Conductive hearing loss affected 7.6%, while mixed hearing loss affected 38.8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the period January-December 2021 is 58.6%.
Prevalencia de los trastornos de los sonidos del habla en niños de 4 a 6 años Centro de Salud “Pumapungo”. Cuenca, agosto 2022- febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-10) Coraizaca Beltrán, Hernán Xavier; Ordóñez Córdova, Josselin Yajaira; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
The term Speech Sound Disorders (SSD), was taking different nomenclatures according to the area of knowledge. One of the first terms used was "dyslalia", this was issued for the first time by the European College of Speech Therapists in 1959, that same year Powers, in the USA, used the denomination "functional articulation disorder". And so were handled both terms, which referred to alterations in the production of sounds, with the passing of the years and subsequent studies mentioned above, were adopting different names to refer to children with speech disorders, until 2005 in which it was designated Speech Sound Disorders (SSD), a term that is used until today. Objective: To determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders in children aged 4 to 6 years at the "Pumapungo" health center. Cuenca, August 2022- February 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe and sample consisted of 70 children between 4 and 6 years of age, who attended the "Pumapungo" Health Center in the area of Speech Therapy, during the period August 2022-February 2023. The research sample was evaluated by the PEFF-R test, thus determining the presence of a possible speech disorder. Results obtained: The prevalence of speech sound disorders represents 65.7% and 34.4% correspond to delays in language development.
Prevalencia de presbiacusia en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, enero 2015 enero 2020, Cuenca 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2021-10-21) Segovia Moscoso, Xavier Patricio; Vanegas Bravo, Marcia Alexandra
BACKGROUND: Presbycusis defined as the progressive loss of hearing, caused by the progressive degeneration of the ear structures produced by age. In this condition, early detection is important, through the intervention of the interdisciplinary team, who will be in charge of diagnosing, recognizing and improving said condition, an exhaustive clinical examination will be essential with the aim of improving hearing capacity and therefore quality of life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate the type of hearing loss in users older than 65 years seen in an outpatient clinic at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in the audiology area, from January 2015 to January 2020. METHODOLOGY The study is retrospective, according to the care provided in the audiology area, the sample will be taken from the internal records of the department, the record was kept using the data collection form; later, the information received will be analyzed using the descriptive statistics provided by the SPSS STADISCTICS software with version 22.0. RESULTS It should be noted that the sample taken here was 1080 users, which is representative for the significance of the results, such as age, sex, otoscopy, and hearing status or type of hearing loss, the values being of greater significance and Above all, it is my desire to contribute to this research with the bases for the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly.

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