Fonoaudiología-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/258

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Análisis acústico de la voz en docentes de la Unidad Educativa Técnico Salesiano de la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo septiembre 2023 febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-08) Macías Yépez, Keli Eunises; Rodas Molina, María Belén
The voice is a fundamental tool for communication. When performing an acoustic voice analysis, alterations of the voice can indicate the existence of potential dysphonia, which can have an impact on professionals such as teachers. In addition, there are risk factors like age, sex, overuse of the voice, and lack of voice care. To determine perturbation measures of the Salesian Technical School -Carlos Crespi campus- teachers’voice in the city of Cuenca, September 2023-February 2024. The method is Descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study. Universe: 81 teachers. Questionnaire Vocal health in teachers was applied and the Speech Analysis in Phonetics (PRAAT) software was used to carry out an acoustic analysis of the voice. Variables were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0 software. 92.8% of the participants reported alterations the perturbation measures of their voices. 30.4% of women and 23% of men take harmful substances like alcohol and cigarettes. 24.6% of women and 30.4% of men cope with tense situations like stress. 26% of men and women do not comply with the 2-liter water intake per day. In conclusion the teachers are prone to vocal problems and females are more likely to suffer from them due to an excessive use of their voice
Diagnóstico y evaluación logopédica de las dificultades del habla en niños/as y adolescentes de 7 a 18 años con discapacidad intelectual de algunos centros de educación especial de Cuenca
(2013) Cobos Guevara, María Paz; Rodas Molina, María Belén; Sempértegui León, Silvia Rocío; Pesántez Díaz, Tania Lorena
The aim of this thesis was to diagnose and evaluate speech difficulties in children and youth 7-18 years with intellectual disabilities from special education centers Agustin Cueva Tamariz, Integration Pilot Center of Azuay, Adinea, San Jose de Calazan. A descriptive study was conducted, to determine the frequency of speech disorders in a universe of 249 children and young people between 7 and 18 years, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who volunteered to enter the study. The test of Articulation was applied that had an objective to evaluate the articulator level and the presence of some phonological simplification processes in children or patients; the Test of Oral Mechanism Periphery to determine if there were problems in the structure or functioning of the speech mechanism. An assessment of stuttering to see the subject's verbal fluency, and an observation sheet and interview behaviors focused record of each patient. The dislalia is the most common speech disorder with 82.2%, a higher percentage of speech disorders was found between the ages of 10-12 years, with 36.2% while the largest percentage of the gender is found in the male gender with 63.1%, with the lowest female gender percentage with 36.8%. The majority of speech disorders in children and youth whose parents have only primary instruction with 44.1% in the case of parents and 55.2%, in the case of mothers. KEYWORDS: INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, SPEECH DISORDERS/ CLASSIFICATION, SPEECH DISORDERS/DIAGNOSIS, ADOLESCENT, CHILD, ASSESSMENT/METHODS.
Estado auditivo de adultos mayores del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo, septiembre 2023 - febrero 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-11) Muñoz Urgilez, Lisseth Nohemy; Monge Sari, Alexandra Maribel; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Hearing refers to the ability of humans to listen. To be fulfilled effectively, anatomical structures and correct physiology of the hearing organ are required. This faculty allows individuals to communicate through language and interact in their social environment; however, alterations can occur in the auditory system, which might trigger sensorineural hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss increases as people age. Approximately 25% to 30% of adults over 60 years suffer from hearing loss, which causes negative effects on their quality of life: loss of independence and social interaction. Objective: To determine the hearing status in older adults who received medical care at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital from September 2023 to February 2024. Methods: Data was collected from the automated daily record of outpatient consultations and care (RDACAA). SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) v29 was used to store information in the data collection form, which allowed the visualization of data using tables and percentages. Results: Out of 142 users, data shows that 96,5 % of them reported hearing loss, of which females were more affected (52,1 %). Age range of 70-74 years was the one that prevailed (21,1%). A patient suffering from arterial hypertension was reported (0.7%). Conclusions: There was a higher percentage of users with moderate sensorineural hearing loss.
Estado auditivo de los miembros de la Corporación Aeroportuaria de Cuenca, 2023 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-21) Soto Ortega, Kevin Francisco; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL.) is a significant occupational health problem, considered the second most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss, after presbycusis. This type of hearing loss, usually irreversible, results from prolonged exposure to loud noise in work environments and affects the quality of life of workers. A descriptive and observational study was conducted with 80 employees of Cuenca Airport Corporation in 2023-2024. Data was obtained from audiometry tests and sociodemographic characteristics from an anonymized database. Data was presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study population mainly comprised males (80%), with a mean age of 40.85 years. 31.2% of the participants had hearing loss, with the sensorineural type predominating (20%). The most common degrees of hearing loss were moderate (15%), while 5% had severe hearing loss. These results are consistent with previous studies reporting similar prevalence in noisy work environments. Noise-induced hearing loss is a prevalent condition in this population, with a significant impact on the quality of working life. Most of the identified cases are mild or moderate, which highlights the importance of implementing early preventive measures like hearing conservation programs, periodic monitoring of hearing health, and reduction of environmental noise. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive policies that address noise as a priority occupational risk factor.
Estado auditivo en niños de 0 a 5 años en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Periodo agosto 2022-febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-22) Zavala Palomeque, Karol Priscila; Borbor Bernabé, Irving Antonio; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Background: Hearing is a complex process involving various anatomical structures and is a critical function that influences communication in adults and children. Hearing loss is one of the most common pathologies. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 466 million people have hearing loss. In children, it represents a limitation in their communication, self-esteem, development, etc. On the other hand, there is no referential data on the presence of a population with hearing loss in ages from 0 to 5 years old. General Objective: To determine the hearing status of the child population from 0 to 5 years old in the “Homero Castanier Crespo” Hospital from August 2022-February 2023. Methodology: Descriptive analytical cross-sectional study of the hearing status of the population aged 0 to 5 years attending the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital. Data collection from hearing test such as Audiometry and Auditory Evoked Potentials. The results were analyzed in SPSS software version 22 using tables interpreted in percentage data. Results: Of 109 users who attended, 62.4% presented normal hearing and 37.6% with hearing loss, with more hypoacusis in the male sex (60.6%). Conclusion: There is a higher percentage of users with normal hearing. Even so, the numberof patients with hypoacusis is higher, with a predominance of males. Likewise, the moderate loss was more evident, and this generalized problems in their language and speech development.
Prevalencia de hipoacusia en el adulto mayor del centro fonoaudiológico Oídos, Cuenca- Ecuador, periodo 2019- 2021
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-06-06) Bravo Mora, Diego Andrés; León Robles, Carlos Alberto; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Background: hearing loss is a disease with a global distribution that occurs at all ages; however, an increase in the number of cases is noted from the sixth decade of life. It is essential to know the clinical and demographic characteristics of this population in order to provide the best possible care. Objective: to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in older adults at the Oídos speech therapy center in the period 2019-2021.Method: a descriptive study of 120 people was carried out. The statistics used for the quantitative variables will be central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) while the rest of the variables will be presented with frequencies and percentages. Results: a prevalence of hearing loss of 68.9% is evident. The age group of young older adults predominates with 47.5%. 63.3% of the population were men. 62.5% of people live in an urban area. The most frequently observed antecedents were pharmacological (23.3%) and trauma (17.5%). The predominant comorbidity is hypertension with 37.5%. Most participants have sensorineural (56.7%), severe (35%) and bilateral (80.8%) hearing loss. The clinical characteristics are distributed similarly in both sexes. A greater number of trauma histories are observed in older adults. Conclusions: an epidemiological profile similar to that of other studies is evident. As additional data, an increase in trauma history is observed in older adults
Prevalencia de hipoacusias y factores asociados en adultos mayores que acuden al Centro de Rehabilitación Integral Especializado n°5 de la ciudad de Cuenca. Periodo, Octubre 2022 – Febrero 2023
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2023-03-22) Cobos Toledo, Priscila Jhoana; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Background: Hearing is complex as it encompasses different structures and physiological processes that facilitate audition and allow communication. In older adults, the structures that make up the auditory system deteriorate; however, there are risk factors such as exposure to noise, consumption of ototoxic drugs, familial deafness, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension that lead to hearing. Objective: Identify the prevalence of hearing loss and associated factors in older adults attending the Specialized Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center N°5 in Cuenca. Period, October 2022 – February 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in older adults attending the Specialized Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center N°5 in the period October 2022 - February 2023, by reviewing medical records, risk factors and performing audiometry studies. The information was recorded in the data collection form and entered into SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 118 users were registered in the study, of whom 7 had normal hearing (5.2%) and 111 had hyperacusis (94.8%). Of the users with hearing loss, 76.8% had sensorineural hearing loss, 52.4% had moderate hearing loss, 43.4% were between 71 and 80 years of age, 98.2% had bilateral hearing loss, and 40.7% were associated with the risk factor of arterial hypertension. Conclusion: conduction, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss; the leading risk factor associated with hearing loss was arterial hypertension.
Prevalencia de tinnitus en pacientes con hipoacusia neurosensorial de 40 a 60 años que asistieron al Centro Auditivo Audic Facial. Periodo 2020 - 2022
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-01-29) Báez Segarra, Kelly Vanessa; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Tinnitus is a problem that has been increasing in society and is present for multiple causes, but the most common is the one that occurs in people with sensorineural hearing loss, being less frequent in conductive or mixed hearing loss, as a result of this problem. Therefore, determining the prevalence of tinnitus in patients with sensorineural hearing loss is of great interest for speech-language pathologists, in order to better understand tinnitus and its auditory and emotional consequences. American statistical data after the application of surveys carried out by the American Tinnitus Association (ATA), indicate that one out of every five inhabitants suffers from permanent tinnitus, estimating about sixty or seventy million people in the United States, of which 20% is severe (11,12), and it is also shown that 7% of the population has attended a consultation at least once for this reason. Tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease. By itself, it does not represent any diagnosis. It is a symptom of some other circumstance. The effects caused by tinnitus on the quality of life of patients with sensorineural hearing loss in the city of Cuenca have never been studied exhaustively, so it is pertinent to conduct such a study to determine the prevalence of tinnitus, establish the degree of disability and thus provide the best treatment to optimize their lifestyle.
Tinnitus en pacientes con hipoacusia en el Centro Auditivo Integral Cuenca y Azogues 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-20) Pinos Sari, Sara Pamela; Humala Sarmiento, Ariel Sebastián; Rodas Molina, María Belén
Introduction: Tinnitus is a perception of sound without an audible external source and is often associated with hearing loss. Scientific evidence reports that more than 740 million people experience tinnitus. This raises the question: What is the prevalence of tinnitus in patients with hearing loss treated at the Comprehensive Hearing Center (CAI) in Cuenca and Azogues, 2025-2026? Objectives: To determine the prevalence of tinnitus in patients over 45 years of age attending the CAI. To characterize the population according to age and sex; to classify the audiometry results and establish their prevalence according to type, degree, and extent. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Universe: Consisting of 300 patients aged 45 years and older diagnosed with hearing loss. A total of 169 patients aged 45 years and older with hearing loss were identified and analyzed in the CAI database. Results: The prevalence of tinnitus was reported at 62.1% of the total. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequent (46.7%), with a predominance of moderate degree in both ears (33.7%). Bilateral sensorineural, conductive, and mixed hearing loss occurred in 59.8% of cases. Thirty-two-point five percent of men reported tinnitus, with those aged 56-66 and 78-88 being the most affected. Conclusion: The study identified tinnitus in patients with hearing loss aged 45 or older treated at the CAI, with a prevalence of 62.1% during 2025-2026.

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