Fonoaudiología-Pregrado

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dspace-test.ucuenca.edu.ec/handle/123456789/258

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Hipoacusia conductiva en pacientes con fisura palatina del Centro Fonoatelier, Cuenca 2022 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-03-10) Reyes Reyes, Dayana Lisbeth; Roblez Montesdeoca, Salomé Juliana; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
People with cleft palate often have middle ear dysfunction, which causes conductive hearing loss in 90% of cases, affecting their cognitive and social development. This is associated with otitis No 05944 media with effusion. Although audiometry can show normal results, tests like tympanometry and acoustic reflex are essential to identify alterations that may affect communication and quality of life. In Ecuador, the occurrence of unilateral clefts on the left side is the most common, especially in men, which is linked to factors like maternal age, exposure to chemicals, alcohol, cigarettes, and infections in pregnancy. Objective: To determine the prevalence of conductive hearing loss in patients with cleft palate at FonoAtelier center in Cuenca (2022-2024). Methods: Quantitative, observational-descriptive and retrospective study, based on data from the FonoAtelier center. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 29.0, which produced frequencies and percentages shown in tables. Results: Out of 134 patients, 57.5% were males; the most common group was that of 6 to 8 years and 11 months (32.8%). Complete bilateral cleft palate (27.6%) reported a higher incidence of conductive hearing loss; mild hearing loss was the most common (33.6% in the right ear and 37.3% in the left ear). Tympanometry showed that type As curve was the most frequent (35.8% in the right ear and 44.8% in the left ear). Conclusions: Mild conductive hearing loss is the most common in patients with cleft palate at FonoAtelier. Medical tests like tympanometry are fundamental, since alterations that affect language development can be detected even in people with normal hearing.
Nivel de consistencia de alimentos adecuado para usuarios de 5 a 12 años del Instituto de Parálisis Cerebral del Azuay, 2025-2026
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-27) Ochoa Dominguez, Camila Belen; Nievez Valverde, Gabriela Elizabeth; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Background: Feeding is a process that must be adapted to the needs presented by children with cerebral palsy, due to their motor, physical, and communicative impairments. This reality requires the adaptation of food consistency in order to eliminate any risk of aspiration and/or penetration. Objective: The objective of this research project was to determine the appropriate level of food consistency for users aged 5 to 12 years at the Cerebral Palsy Institute of Azuay (IPCA). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted; the instruments used were a data collection form and the international framework The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI). The data were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS software version 29.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), 2022 edition. Results: The study population consisted of 43 participants. Of these, 60.5% require a Level 3 consistency: Moderately thick / Liquidized for beverages, and 53.5% require a Level 4: Extremely thick / Pureed for foods. These results are consistent with previous studies indicating a generalized need to increase food viscosity, allowing greater opportunity to trigger the swallowing reflex, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and penetration. The findings reinforce the need to raise awareness among speech language pathologists, caregivers, parents, and the general community regarding the appropriate management of patients with cerebral palsy, promoting timely interventions and dietary adaptations that improve the quality of life of these users.
Percepción de los docentes de la Coordinación Zonal N°6 sobre la tartamudez en el periodo 2024-2025
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2025-04-07) Velecela Coello, Kristhel Ariana; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Background: Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by repetitions and prolongations of sounds or syllables and silent pauses called blocks. The support of all the people who are permanently in contact with the patient is significant during diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, teachers play an important role when dealing with a student who stutters; for this purpose, appropriate knowledge about this disorder is essential. Basic concepts, treatment, and strategies adopted in the classroom are some of the keys that teachers must be aware of when working with children with speech disorders. This study determined the perception of teachers from the Regional Coordinating Office 6, identifying the strengths and needs that they have in regard to this topic and suggesting new research areas related to strengthening or improving their intervention. Objective: To identify the perception of teachers of the schools of the Regional Coordinating Office 6 of the Ministry of Education Cuenca about stuttering, in 2024-2025. Methods: This is a descriptive, prospective, and non-experimental study. The study variable is the perception of the Regional Coordinating Office 6 of the Ministry of Education Cuenca. Quantitative research was conducted. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to measure the variable, which was adapted from previous research. The study was based on average stuttering frequency worldwide according to the WHO. Results: Out of 319 teachers, most of them were unaware of the subject in general: concept, treatment, and strategies adopted in the classroom; this means that there is poor management of this disorder.
Prevalencia de trastornos deglutorios en usuarios con cáncer de cabeza y cuello en el consultorio fonoaudiológico del centro de especialidades Plaza Médica, Cuenca, 2023–2025
(Universidad de Cuenca. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 2026-02-19) Vasquez Maldonado, Omar Adrian; Nieto Polo, Marco Elias; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Swallowing disorders, also known as dysphagia, are one of the most prevalent clinical complications In patients with head and neck cancer, especially in those undergoing aggressive cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. These Interventions can alter structures involved in the oral and/or pharyngeal phases, leading to complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and a reduced quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of swallowing disorders in patients with head and neck cancer treated at the speech therapy clinic at the "Plaza Medica" specialty center m Cuenca, 2023—2025. Methodology: Retrospective, quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The database of patients treated at the speech therapy clinic at "Plaza Medica" was reviewed, and clinical records were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The prevalence of swallowing disorders was 55.4%. Males predominated (67.7%), as did the 55-74 age group (69.2%). Regarding severity, 21.5% of the sample presented moderate impairment, 20.0% mild Impairment, and 13.8% severe impairment. Conclusion: A high prevalence of swallowmg disorders was observed in the evaluated population. It was also concluded that there is significant functional impairment, given that more than one-third of patients reported moderate to severe dysphagia, underscoring the need for a specialized speechlanguage pathology approach.
Trastornos de los sonidos del habla en la Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional "San Roque" Cuenca, 2023 - 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-09) Román Guillén, María José; Lojano Guazhambo, Lisseth Karina; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Speech is the verbal expression that promotes communication. However, alterations of the articulation of sounds occur very often. Several studies show constant alterations of phonemes /s/, /1/ and /r/, diphthongs, and lateral and central consonant groups in children aged 4-6 years, mostly males. To determine the incidence of speech sound disorders in preschool and kindergarten children attending San Roque school, in Cuenca in 2023-2024. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, featuring 70 children aged 4-6 years. The children were evaluated using the revised protocol for phonetic and phonological evaluation. IBM SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Data shows that 75.7% of the children evaluated had some type of speech sound disorder. Phonetic-phonological disorder was the most common, affecting 54.3% of children, followed by phonological disorders (17.1%) and phonetic disorders (4.3%). When comparing these outcomes to those of similar studies, the impact on diphthongs /uo/, /ue/, and /eu/, phonemes /s/, /1/, and /r/, and central and lateral consonant groups /dr/ and /bl/, respectively, in children aged 4-6 years, was confirmed. This proves an increase of cases in the last 4 years.
Trastornos del sonido de habla en niños de 3 a 6 años del Centro Salud Nicanor Merchán periodo 2023 – 2024
(Universidad de Cuenca, 2024-04-15) Zhicay Ortega, José Enrique; Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego
Over time, the nomenclature used to name children with SSD has changed according to authorial influences of the moment. Thus, one of the first terms used was dyslalia, coined by the College of Speech Therapists of Europe in 1959. That year, Powers in the USA, used the name functional articulation disorder. Both terms describe from the perspective of articulation, where substitutions, omissions, and distortions occur. From that moment on, different nomenclatures have been adopted to refer to children with speech disorders, until 2005, in which it was named Speech Sound Disorders (SSD), a term that is used to this day. Objective: To determine the incidence of speech sound disorders in children aged 3-6 years at Nicanor Merchán health center in the city of Cuenca in 2023-2024. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study. This study was carried out in order to know the incidence of speech sound disorders to find relationships with sociodemographic variables age, sex, and residence. Data collected through the PEFF-R test was tabulated using the SPSSS statistical software. Results: It is expected to find out the incidence of speech sound disorders in children aged 3-6 years who received medical care at Nicanor Merchán health center. Conclusions: The incidence of SSD is very high, mainly in children aged 3-6 years old.

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Browsing Fonoaudiología-Pregrado by Author "Argudo Guallpa, Juan Diego"